It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases (51) the decisions we make, an d the roots of our habits and skills are to be (52) in our past experiences, which are brought into the present (53) memory.

Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep (54) available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is (55) when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

Memory (56) not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer (57) that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100000 "words" —ready for (58) use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total (59) of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and (60) of words.

54（）。

A. experiences

B. bases

C. observations

D. information

材料一原告孙先生诉称，其于2013年4月19日在被告处购买了2套女士西服套装，价款共计人民币5480元。该商品标识面料成分为100%棉。孙先生委托相关检验所对该商品进行检验，结果表明面料成分是棉及氨纶。原告认为，被告存在欺诈行为，故起诉至法院要求：被告退货、返还商品价款5480元，并赔偿5480元；支付鉴定费100元及诉讼费用。法院经审理认为，被告销售的商品衣物成分与标识不符，商品虽然存在瑕疵，但并不存在以假充真，以次充好等欺诈行为，于是判决被告为原告退货，返还原告货款5480元，而对原告其他主张不予支持。

材料二作为一家装饰企业，合肥景龙公司的经营者一直将重合同看成自己企业的信誉，将守信用当成成就商机的条件。他们除使用行业规范的合同文本外，还在文本中明确双方的权益范围，并在诚信的原则、品牌的设计、质量的监督、工程的安排等各方面均有职责分明的条款。景龙公司以严谨的合同条款来检验自己的施工质量，在广大消费者中赢得美誉。业主魏先生在其填写的工程质量验收单中对景龙的施工这样评价：“景龙第六工程处施工认真负责，客户放心，质量优等，设计一流。”景龙公司树立起自己的品牌，到目前为止，已连续多年获得“重合同、守信誉”单位光荣称号。

材料一中被告的违约属于哪种类型？说明其含义。