问题 实验题

现有某铁碳合金(铁和碳两种单质的混合物),某化学兴趣小组为了测定铁碳合金中铁的质量分数,并探究浓硫酸的某些性质,设计了下图所示的实验装置(夹持仪器已省略)和实验方案进行实验探究。

I 测定铁的质量分数:

(1)检查上述装置气密性的一种方法是:关闭分液漏斗的活塞,在E装置后面连上一根导管,然后__________________________________,则证明装置的气密性良好。

(2)称量E的质量,并将a g铁碳合金样品放入装置A中,再加入足量的浓硫酸,待A中不再逸出气体时,停止加热,拆下E并称重,E增重b g。铁碳合金中铁的质量分数为__________________________(写表达式)。

(3)装置C的作用______________________________________________。

(4)甲同学认为,依据此实验测得的数据,计算合金中铁的质量分数可能会偏低,原因是___________________________________________________________。

(5)乙同学按照甲同学认为改进实验,改进方法是______________但测得合金中铁的质量分数却偏高。你认为其中可能的原因是_________________。

Ⅱ 探究浓硫酸的某些性质:

(6)往A中滴加足量的浓硫酸,未点燃酒精灯前,A、B均无明显现象,其原因是:________________________________________________。

(7)A中铁与浓硫酸发生反应的化学方程式是_______________________。

答案

(1)把导管放入盛有水的水槽中,微热烧瓶,如果导管口有气泡产生,停止加热后导管产生一段水柱(2分);(其他合理答案同样给分)

(2)×100% 或×100%(2分);注意表达式有多种

(3)除去CO2中的SO2(1分);

(4)空气中CO2、H2O进入E管使b增大。(2分)

(5)在装置E的后边再连接一个与E相同的装置(2分)

反应产生的CO2气体未能完全排到装置E中,导致b偏低。(2分)

(6)常温下,Fe被浓H2SO4钝化,碳不与浓H2SO4反应(2分);

(7)2Fe + 6 H2SO4(浓)Fe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2↑ + 6H2O(2分);

题目分析:(2)在装置A中发生Fe和C与浓硫酸的反应,产生CO2SO2和铁的氧化物,装置B检验SO2,装置C吸收SO2,装置D干燥气体的,装置E是吸收CO2的,E增重的质量b是CO2的质量。

C---------CO2

1              1

b/44   b/44  C的质量:12b/44="3" b/11  Fe质量分数:(a-3 b/11)/a)×100%=×100%

(4)b的质量越大,碳的质量大,a不变,铁的质量会减小。

(5)再连接一个装置E是为了吸收充分的CO2

完形填空
Africans see many advantages by uniting the continent into a single nation, or by uniting several small nations of a particular region into a nation. In unity there is strength. Africans often point to the United States, formed by the original 13 states, as an example of this principle. Africa now is divided into many weak nations. United, they would be much stronger. Africans could then more easily deal with foreign efforts to control them. Also it would be easier to plan and carry out big projects like the building of highways and dams.
The considerations for African unity go beyond the practical advantages it brings. As we have seen, one factor is that the feeling of belonging to a particular nation is not strong among Africans. If, for example, you were to ask a man from Paris " What are you?", he would certainly answer " A Frenchman". Ask the same question of a man from Ibadan in Nigeria and he might give one of three answers, or all three, depending on his education and outlook. He might say, " A Yoruba" (his people), or " A Nigerian," or just simply " An African."
Another factor that enters into the desire for unity is that African leaders throughout the continent feel that they all have many things in common. They all lived through the experience of colonial rule. Many of them went to school and university with men who now lead other African countries. They all feel very angry about the way in which they were treated in the past. Compared with these strong bonds (结合),which overshadow the borders of nations, the idea of building separate nations does not have so much meaning. Some leaders say they are ready, in fact, to give up their separate nations.
Many nations have written into their constitutions(宪法), and they may give up their powers to a Pan-African government that will come into being.
 
Title:
小题1:______
Measures
uniting the continent
小题2:______________
小题3:_______
★小题4:___________________
★easier to handle foreign influences
★easier to build小题5:________
小题6:_________
小题7:_______
★being weak among Africans
★depending on小题8:_
leaders’ similarities
小题9:__________
receiving similar education
hoping for unity
Results
Many nations have written into constitutions.
A 小题10:__________will come into being.
多项选择题