问题 单项选择题 A3/A4型题

为研究幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌的关系,开展以下研究:①进行病例对照研究得到OR=2.75,P<0.05;②在国内外进行的数十个病例对照研究和队列研究结果都提示相似的结果。结论:幽门螺杆菌是胃癌发病的病因之一。

病例对照研究得到OR>1,P<0.05。该结论符合病因推断标准中的()

A.关联的一致性

B.关联的重复性

C.剂量-反应关系证据

D.关联强度证据

E.关联合理性证据

答案

参考答案:D

单项选择题

Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.

Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radio activity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit. And if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.

This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can he irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.

Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

Radiation can cause serious consequences at the lowest level()

A. when it kills few cells

B. if it damages the few cells

C. though the damaged cells can repair themselves

D. unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves

判断题