问题 综合题

(12分)阅读下列材料:

【材料一】  英国能在一个世纪的时间里保持着自己的优势不被侵犯,在很大的程度上得益于英国人的创新精神。……这种不断的创新精神有效地动员了英国的人力和物资资源,并在英国工业革命过程中发挥了巨大的作用,使得英国能在很长的时期内战胜自己的竞争对手。

——陈晓律《英国经济的盛衰》

【材料二】  (英)自l8世纪以来专利申请才普遍起来,变得重要了。申请专利的目的很简单,即保护一项发明,使它保持新颖。……晚年的瓦特,生活非常富庶。但是瓦特财富的主要来源,不是制造蒸汽机的工厂,而是被广泛转让的高效能蒸汽机的发明专利。……英国对知识产权的保护和奖励,使几乎所有的人,都陷入了一种对新技术、新发明的狂热崇拜之中。

——《大国崛起解说词》

【材料三】  1851年伦敦博览会展期为140天,参观人数达630多万人次……参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着各种机器工作,有开槽机、钻孔机、拉线机、纺纱机、造币机、抽水机等等,这些不同的机器又通过特别建造的锅炉房产生的蒸汽一起驱动,让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。

——《l851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实》

请回答:                              

(1)据材料一并结合所学知识,指出在“创新精神”影响下,l7世纪到l9世纪初期英国在生产技术领域取得的成就。这种创新精神对英国崛起产生了怎样影响?(4分)

(2)据材料二,说明英国政府为保护公民“创新精神”采取的措施及产生的影响。(4分)

(3)据材料三并结合所学知识,分析参观者为什么会对英国的机器发明最感兴趣?(2分)

(4) 综合上述材料,你从英国的发展中得到什么启示?(2分)

答案

(1)瓦特蒸汽机,史蒂芬孙火车机车。(2分)率先完成工业革命,取得优势地位;成为“世界工厂”。(2分)

(2)保护知识产权(专利),奖励发明。(2分)形成尊重知识、尊重科学的氛围。(2分)

(3)新机器代表了当时最先进的生产力,开阔了人们的眼界;新机器的发明有助于改善人们的生产和生活。(2分,其它言之成理者同样赋分)

(4)创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。(2分,言之成理即可赋分)

单项选择题
阅读理解

In December,2010,many American newspapers publish a list of the best books of the year. Freedom by Jonathan Franzen is one of the most repeatedly praised books on this year’s list of favorites. It tells about the ups and downs of the Berglund family over many years. Mr.Franzen fills the book with sharp observations about American politics, culture and society.

Jennifer Egan’s book A Visit from the Goon Squad takes place in 13 chapters over 40 years. The story moves back and forth in time,from different viewpoints. One main character is former rock musician Bennie Salazar who works for a record company. The other main character is a troubled young woman named Sasha who works for Bennie. The reader learns about their pasts and those of their friends.

The main character in The Imperfectionists by Tom Rachman is a failing English Language newspaper published in Rome,Italy. Each chapter of the book tells about a reporter or editor working for this paper. Their stories are filled with intelligence and great personality.

Two of the most popular non­fiction books of 2010 were about rock and roll stars. Just Kids is by rock singer Patti Smith. It tells about her friendship with the artist Robert Mapplethorpe in the 1960s and 1970s before they became famous. Life is the autobiography of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. It is an honest and exciting look at the development of rock and roll and the wild times this famous band has experienced.

Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand tells about a man named Louis Zamperini. She tells about his extraordinary survival story after his plane crashed into the Pacific Ocean during Would War Two.

Stacy Schiff has received great praise for her book Cleopatra: A Life. It tells about one of the most misrepresented and famous women in his story, Cleopatra. She ruled ancient Egypt about 2,000 years ago. One critic said Ms. Schiff has brought Cleopatra to life again by unearthing her story from centuries of lies.

小题1:The following books are related to music EXCEPT________.

A.The Imperfectionists

B.A Visit from the Goon Squad

C.Just Kids

D.Life小题2:If your major is the history of ancient Africa, you may pay attention to ________.

A.Freedom by Jonathan Franzen

B.Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand

C.The Imperfections by Tom Rachman

D.Cleopatra: A Life by Stacy Schiff小题3:Which book will give you a practical understanding of the USA?

A.Life

B.Cleopatra: A Life

C.Freedom

D.A Visit from the Goon Squad小题4:The last sentence of the passage implies that ________.

A.Stacy Schiff is an archaeologist

B.the critic finds the character in the book very real

C.the critic speaks highly of Cleopatra in history

D.Stacy Schiff tells a story about an imaginary Egyptian queen