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问题 填空题

空气吹出法工艺,是目前“海水提溴”的最主要方法之一。其工艺流程如下:

(1)溴在周期表中位于　　　　周期　　　　族。 

(2)步骤①中用硫酸酸化可提高Cl2的利用率,理由是                                                                            

(3)步骤④利用了SO2的还原性,反应的离子方程式为                                                         

(4)步骤⑥的蒸馏过程中,温度应控制在80~90 ℃,温度过高或过低都不利于生产,请解释原因　                                                                                                        。 

(5)步骤⑧中溴蒸气冷凝后得到液溴与溴水的混合物,可利用它们的密度相差很大的特点进行分离。分离仪器的名称是　                                                      。 

(6)步骤①、②之后并未直接用“含Br2的海水”进行蒸馏得到液溴,而是经过“空气吹出”“SO2吸收”“氧化”后再蒸馏,这样操作的意义是　                                                                            。 

答案

(1)4　ⅦA

(2)酸化可抑制Cl2、Br2与水反应

(3)Br2+SO2+2H2O4H++2Br-+S

(4)温度过高,产生大量水蒸气,溴蒸气中水蒸气增加;温度过低,溴不能完全蒸出,吸收率低

(5)分液漏斗

(6)“空气吹出”“SO2吸收”“氧化”的过程实际上是Br2的浓缩过程,与直接蒸馏含Br2海水相比效率更高,耗能源少,使成本降低

(5)分离互不相溶的液体用分液方法;(6)海水中矿物质浓度太低,一般需要富集过程

论述题

国务院副 * * 汪洋在2013年9月26日欧亚经济论坛开幕式上发表主旨演讲时指出：“欧亚大陆既是朝气蓬勃的地区，也是贫富差距较大的地区。各国都处于发展经济、摆脱贫穷和改善民生的关键阶段，面临加快经济转型升级的紧迫任务。要交流和借鉴彼此的发展经验，探索符合各自国情的发展道路。坚持一方有难、八方支援的精神，对欠发达国家提供资金技术人才援助。经济合作项目要尽可能向民生领域倾斜，让更多民众享有发展和合作的成果。”

分析上述材料所体现的哲学观点。（12分）
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单项选择题

When researchers come up with a new treatment that makes us feel or work better, it’s usually not just the truly sick who end up going in for an upgrade. The progress in developing treatments for illnesses that ravage memory and thought raises an important question: might the same tools be used to improve the functioning of minds that by most standards are already running fairly smoothly We may well be approaching an era of designer brains, in which those of us feeling a little foggy or dull can have our IQ, fast recall, and self-confidence inflated up via the prescription pad. "Some brain-related conditions we think of as ordinary, "says one researcher, "may eventually become disorders, too"—including perhaps less-than-razor-sharp thinking.
The notion of a prescription IQ lift is hardly new. According to polls, about one in 20 college students, and higher percentages of professors, already illicitly pop some form of Ritalin or Modafinil—legitimately prescribed for attention-deficit disorder and narcolepsy (嗜睡症), respectively—to augment alertness, concentration, and memory. But these drugs have proved only mildly effective on normal minds, and carry potentially severe side effects ranging from addiction to overstimulation.
Scientists had originally hoped that the decoding of the human genome would lead quickly to small groups of genes that control major mental disorders and traits, be they Alzheimer’s disease (老年痴呆症), intelligence, or personality. That hasn’t been the case; individual genes turn out in most cases to only weakly affect the brain, with most illnesses emerging from the interaction of large, complex networks of hundreds of genes.
That challenge hasn’t kept researchers from tracking down many of the genes in these networks to chip away at the genetic roots of mental disorders—and to come up with possible treatments based on some of those findings. The result is that medicine may allow us to challenge our genetic inheritance and repair environmental insults to the brain, whether as Alzheimer’s sufferers or just moody, forgetful people and hazy thinkers. Techniques undergoing testing now include altering genes within brain cells, or even pushing genes into creating altogether new brain cells. Neurologix in Fort Lee, New Jersey, for example, is developing brain-related gene therapies, which involve injecting harmless viruses that insert custom-built genes into cells. Though other experimental gene therapies have in the past often caused severe and even fatal side effects, Neurologix hopes to avoid them by targeting the viruses only at those cells that need repairing.
In Fact, We won’t necessarily have to turn to these more radical therapies to sharpen our thinking. The genetic and other new scientific insights into the brain are also helping to point the way to new drugs targeted at brain disorders— drugs that may also end up being taken as smart drugs by many of us without serious disorders.

What does the first sentence of the passage imply

A．Researchers always bring forth new and upgraded cures for illness.

B．Sick people are anxiously looking forward to new treatments.

C．Normal people tend to use the new treatment to be healthier.

D．New and upgraded treatment should make us feel or work better.
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