问题 选择题

用铁、锌、铝分别与足量的盐酸反应制取氢气,产生的氢气与所用的金属的质量关系如右图所示.则a、b、c依次是(  )

A.铁、锌、铝

B.锌、铝、铁

C.铝、铁、锌

D.铝、锌、铁

答案

设 Fe、Al、Zn的质量为m.生成氢气的质量分别为x、y、z

Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2

56             2 

m              x    

56
2
=
m
x
  

x=

2m
56

2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3 +3H2

2×27             3×2 

 m                 y    

2×27
3×2
=
m
y
  

y=

2m
18

Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2

65            2

m             z    

65
2
=
m
z
    

z=

2m
65

由此可知等质量的三种金属与酸完全反应放出氢气质量大小为:Al>Fe>Zn,

根据图示判断a、b、c依次是铝、铁、锌;

故选C.

综合题

(16分)在学习中国古代的经济史时,如果对一些历史名词或历史概念浅尝辄止,不求甚解,往往难以全面客观地认识当时的历史现状。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 从古至今,谈到“重农抑商”总是将农业和商业对立起来。但从整体上来说,中国大部分时间是重农不抑商,农业固然受到重视,但商业也并没有受到抑制,私人工商业一直有充分发展的空间。

——《中国古代真的“重农抑商”么?》

(1)请列举两宋及明清时期虽然受“重农抑商”政策的影响,但这一时期的私人工商业仍“一直有充分发展的空间”的表现。(3分)

材料二  “城市”是由“城”与“市”这两个事物、两个功能要素结合为一的产物。《说文》中载:“城,以盛民地”。“市,买卖之所也。”中国农业时代的城市以政治行政管理功能为主,“城”的分量不仅大于“市”的分量,而且“市”的部分明显从属于“城” 的部分。这些传统城市都是以绝对权力为基础,通过强制性贡陚等形式来维持城市运行。

――摘编自唐茂华《东西方城市化进程差异性比较及借鉴》

(2)根据材料二概括中国传统城市中“城”与“市”的关系。请以唐朝以后的史实说明农业时代的“城”与“市”关系的演变。(5分)

材料三 在文艺复兴时期的大部分时间里,中国其本身就是一个世界,一个尽可能不与外界往来的世界。然而,尽管除知识名流外,其他中国人对外部世界不感兴趣,而到中国传教则成为耶稣会士的荣耀……。……作为一个有名无实的闭关锁国的国家,有着甚至更为封闭的儒家思想的明清中国,正在丧失它的自主性,开始依附于一个非它所创造的世界体系。

——引自(美)阿谢德《中国在世界历史之中》

(3)据材料三并结合所学知识,请你从经济、思想文化方面指出闭关锁国政策下的表现。并从当时世界发展潮流的角度,评价明清的闭关锁国政策。(8分)

阅读理解

阅读理解

     The very wealthy English Baron Fitzgerald had only one child, a son, who understandably was the

apple of his eye. His wife died when the child was in his early teens. So Fitzgerald devoted himself to

fathering the kid. Unfortunately the son died in his late teens.

     Meanwhile, Fitzgerald's wealth greatly increased. He spent a lot on art works of the masters. Later

Fitzgerald himself became seriously ill. Before his death, he had carefully prepared his will as to how his

wealth would be settled-to sell his entire collection at an auction(拍卖).

     Because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection, a huge crowd of possible buyers

gathered for the auction. Many of them were museum directors and private collectors eager to bid(出

价). Before the auction, the art works were shown, among which was a painting of Fitzgerald's son by

an unknown artist. Because of its poor quality, it received little attention.

     When it was time for the auction, the auctioneer gaveled(敲槌)the crowd to attention. First the

lawyer read from Fitzgerald's will that the first art work to be auctioned was the painting of his son.

     The poor-quality painting didn't receive any bidders. . . except one-the old servant who had served

the son and loved him, and who for emotional reasons offered the only bid.

     As soon as the servant bought the painting for less than one English pound, the auctioneer stopped

the bidding and asked the lawyer to read again from the will. The crowd became quiet, and the lawyer

read from the will: "Whoever buys the painting of my son gets all my collection. "Then the auction was

over.

1. The English Baron Fitzgerald was __________.

A. a museum director  

B. a master of art    

C. an art collector

D. an art dealer

2. Why did the old servant bid for the painting of Fitzgerald's son?

A. He was devoted to the family.

B. He saw that no one bid for it.

C. He knew the content of the will.

D. He found it cheap for him to buy.

3. Fitzgerald's will showed __________.

A. his desire to fool the bidders        

B. his invaluable love for his son

C. his sadness at the death of his son

D. his regret of having no children to take over his wealth