问题 选择题

黄河是世界上最难治理的河流,“小水含大沙”、“水大灾”。每年八亿吨泥沙淤积,造成下游河床淤积、萎缩加剧,过洪能力急剧下降,洪水威胁依然严重。据此回答下列问题。

小题1:读1976-1999年利津水文站黄河来水来沙特征图,判断下列说法正确的是(   )

①黄河的年输沙总量和年径流总量的年际变化大,呈递减趋势

②黄河的年输沙总量和年径流总量成正相关关系

③1997年黄河的年输沙总量达到最小值的原因是当年黄河流域无降水

④黄河的年汛期径流量制约着年输沙总量的大小

⑤黄河的年径流总量最大值和年输沙总量最大值出现的时间相同

A.①②③④⑤

B.②④⑤

C.①②④

D.②④小题2:读黄河三角洲新生湿地与入海泥沙量和口门外5 km内平均水深的变化关系预测图判断,下列说法正确的是(   )

A.口门外5 km内平均水深一定时,新增湿地面积和年均入海泥沙量成负相关关系

B.口门外5 km内平均水深3 m和年均入海泥沙量为5亿—6亿吨时,年均湿地面积增加5—10 km2

C.口门外5 km内平均水深4 m时,若增加湿地面积20 km2需入至少海泥沙量6亿吨

D.口门外5 km内平均水深5 m时,年均入海泥沙量为5亿吨是湿地面积增加的临界点

答案

小题1:D  小题2:C

小题1:根据1976-1999年利津水文站黄河来水来沙特征图可知,黄河的年输沙总量和年径流总量成正相关关系,黄河的年汛期径流量制约着年输沙总量的大小,黄河的年输沙总量和年径流总量的年际变化大,但不是呈递减趋势,1997年黄河的年输沙总量达到最小值的原因是当年黄河流域降水量少导致年径流量少,黄河的年径流总量最大值(1983年)和年输沙总量最大值(1981年)出现的时间不相同;

小题2:读图可知,口门外5 km内平均水深一定时,新增湿地面积和年均入海泥沙量成正相关关系,口门外5 km内平均水深3 m和年均入海泥沙量为5亿—6亿吨时,年均湿地面积增加10-20 km2,口门外5 km内平均水深4 m时,若增加湿地面积20 km2需入至少海泥沙量6亿吨,口门外5 km内平均水深5 m时,年均入海泥沙量为6亿吨是湿地面积增加的临界点。

阅读理解

Cell Phones Are the New Cigarettes

When you get in your car, you reach for it.When you’re at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it.When you get into a lift, you play with it.

Cigarettes? Cup of coffee? No, it’s the third most addictive thing in modern life, the cell phone.And experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curbtheir longing to hug  it more tightly than most of their personal relationships.

With its shiny surface, its smooth and satisfying touch, its air of complexity, the cell phone  connects us to the world even as it disconnects us from people three feet away.In just the past  couple of years, the cell phone has challenged individuals, employers, phone makers and  counselors(顾问)in ways its inventors in the late 1940s never imagined.

The costs are becoming even more evident, and I don’t mean just the monthly bill.Dr.Chris  Knippers, a counselor at the Betty Ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of  cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a barrier to one-on-one personal contact, and an escape from reality.

Sounds extreme, but we’ve all witnessed the evidence: The person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him.

Is it just rude, or is it a kind of unhealthiness? And pardon me, but how is this improving the quality of life?

Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell-phone addiction is part of a set of symptoms in a widening gulf of personal separation.He points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with.Despite the growing use of phones, e-mail and instant messaging, in other words, Williams says studies show that we don’t have as many friends as our parents. “Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances via the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends,” he says.

If the cell phone has truly had these effects, it’s because it has become very widespread.Consider that in 1987, there were only 1 million cell phones in use.Today, something like 300 million Americans carry them.They far outnumber wired phones in the United States.

小题1:Which of the following best explains the title of the passage?

A.Cell phone users smoke less than they used to.

B.Cell phones have become as addictive as cigarettes.

C.More people use cell phones than smoke cigarettes.

D.Using cell phone is just as cool as smoking cigarettes.小题2:The underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 2 means ____.

A.rescue

B.ignore

C.develop

D.control小题3:The example of a woman talking on the phone in the car supports the idea that           

A.women use cell phones more often than men

B.talking on the phone while driving is dangerous

C.cell phones do not necessarily bring people together

D.cell phones make one-on-one personal contact easy

单项选择题