问题 综合题

阅读下列材料(18分)

材料一 经济重心转向大西洋后,世界经济进入了从产生到发展的最活跃时期。随着国际竞争的加剧,科学技术革命连续发生,生产力向高层次飞跃,领先国家经历了由英国到美国的更替,从而牵动世界经济重心从西欧向北美跨越。

——摘自《世界经济运行轨迹探索》

材料二  17世纪,整个欧洲大陆处于宗教迫害之中,反映自由.民主和科学的新思想被当作“异端”.“邪说”而受压制,不少有发明创造的科技人才被处刑罚。与此同时,战争也连绵不断,法国处于内战和向外扩张的连年战争中,意大利四分五裂——这样科学技术人才纷纷涌向地处欧洲边缘而较安定的英伦三岛。1740年经英国政府批准的实用专利4件,1750年为7件,1760年增加为14件。                                          

——摘自《英国经济史编》

材料三 (19世纪后期〉英国科学家虽然有不少发明,但他们固守蒸汽机时代的旧技术,轻视电力技术应用。比如电灯发明后,它以耀眼的光芒宣告,新的光源将使世界面貌焕然一新。而当时在英国,电灯的推广却遭到煤汽照明公司的反对,千方百计保护自己取得垄断地位的煤汽照明,致使第二次科技革命的新型工业部分发展迟缓。                         

——摘自《世界近代史》

材料四 美国在这一时期的技术研究和技术引进,主要是应用技术,并不更多地注意基础科学的研究,但这为后来科学研究和更多的技术发明创造了条件,争取了时间,聚集了力量。第一.二次世界大战期间,欧洲及世界各地的著名科学家向美国流动,美国抓住这一有利时机采取自由开放的政策,在世界各地搜罗“智囊”,进口“博士”,以补自身不足,仅二次大战后,美国引进人才达20多万人。   

——摘自《大循环》

请回答:

(1)据材料一.二,归纳英国最先开始工业革命的优越条件有哪些?(8分)

(2)据材料三.四,分析19世纪后期以来世界经济重心逐渐由英国转移到美国的原因。(8分)

(3)从以上材料中,你能得到哪些启示?(2分)

答案

⑴英国政局稳定,思想开放(2分);欧洲大陆科技人才涌向英国,使英国处于科技中心的地位(2分);政府重视科学技术的转化应用(2分);新航路开辟后,英国地处大西洋航运中心的有利位置(2分)。

⑵在第二次工业革命中,英国固守蒸汽机时代的旧技术,对电力技术的应用态度消极;美国优先引进和研究应用技术(2分);在两次大战期间,引进和研究基础科学(2分);在两次世界大战期间,美国远离战火,政府又采取自由开放政策(2分);各国科学家流向美国,促进了美国科技中心地位的确立。(2分)随着科技中心的转移,世界经济重心也由英国转移到美国。(2分)

⑶政策是推动科技发展的前提;社会安定.思想开放是科技发展的保证科学竞争实质是人才竞争;科技决定综合国力。(其它言之有理即可)(2分)

多项选择题
阅读理解

信息匹配。

     阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。请阅读以下酒店信息,然后按要求

匹配信息。

     A. Sunworld Dynasty Hotel

     The signature crab feast thoughtfully prepared by our NO.1 Chef Chen Ruirong combines the

essence of the centennial Zhejiang and Jiangsu cuisine culture with modern concepts of healthy eating.

Guests can enjoy delicious crab prepared in classic style. For our more discerning guests Chef Chen is

happy to use his exquisite techniques to create the dishes that answer your desires.

     For reservations or further information, please contact (8610)5816 8888 ext 8288

     B. Grand Hotel Beijing

     The new year draws near and the Grand Hotel Beijing has been preparing its annual series of gift

boxes. These traditional foods, including hand-made sausages, salted Beijing duck and varieties of

Chinese bread, will give you and your loved ones a taste of pure old Beijing during the holiday festivities. With just a call, you can enjoy " five-star" delicacies at home!

      For ordering please contact: (86-10)651300540 ext. 312 or 313

C. Grand Metropark Yuantong Hotel Beijing

     This impressive Western-style architecture has an old world interior with traditional Chinese elements.

Ideally situated on Financial Street, it is convenient to the subway and other public transportation, with

the Mei Lanfang Theater nearby and several business districts within walking distance. An enterprise of

the Beijing Dadi Yuantong Group, this five-star hotel is managed by the CTS HK Metropark Hotels

Management Co. Ltd.

     For reservations please contact: (86-10)66026688

     D. Beijing Minzu Hotel

     Beijing Minzu Hotel is an ideal place for you to spend your Christmas Eve this year. The hotel will

present a special holiday dinner steeped in "European Flavor" on December 24. Excellent French wine,

classical music, festive decorations and elegant cuisine will leave you feeling jolly and warm on that

wonderful night. And if you are lucky Santa might have some surprising gifts for you.

     For reservations please contact: (86-10)66014466 ext. 162or 163

     E. Beijing Far East International Youth Hotel

    Beijing Far East International Youth Hotel, affiliated with the Beijing Tourism Group, is the first hotel

in China to join the International Youth Hostels Federation. The hotel has 158 guestrooms that face into

a typical Beijing courtyard. It ranks in the Top 10 of a list determined and compiled by Hostel.com on

the basis of customer satisfaction, and was selected best Youth Hotel in 2006 by Hostelbookers.com. in

addition, the hotel offers a very convenient location, only a few minutes walk to cultural and commercial

districts such as Liu Li Chang, Tian'anmen Square, Qianmen, Dashilan and the Forbidden City.

    Website: www.fareastyh.com <http://www.fareastyh.com>

     Tel : (86-10) 5195 8565 ext 8561

     F. Hilton Beijing Wangfujing Hotel

    Currently the Hilton Beijing Wangfujing Hotel is sweetening the pot by granting a 50 percent discount

on ice-cream, desserts and cakes sold on the premises.

    Guests have a wide range of choices: on the first floor, delicious desserts and cakes can be enjoyed in

repose and peace in the Library; special Macanese ice-cream can be savored in Vascoon restaurant on

the fifth floor; and all can be topped off with a fine Martini in the Flames bar. The 50 percent discount

also applies to those planning to enjoy that take-away cake in the comfort of home.

     Tel: (86-10) 5812 8888 ext 8411

     请阅读以下个人信息,然后匹配符合他\她要求的酒店信息。

1.  Charlie, a college student from America, majors in medicine. He is fond of Chinese culture, especially

      the Chinese ancient buildings. So he'll come to Beijing alone. Without any friends or relatives in

      Beijing, he has to find a good hotel according to the information given in magazines.

2. Daisy is a sweet food lover, She is a foreign student studying in Beijing university. She likes the

    university very much except for its food. So she always eats outside or takes food back from outside.

    She enjoys reading " CHINA TODAY " to get latest information and discount information about food.

3.  David is a businessman from England. When free he enjoys going to theaters. Recently he is very

     interested in learning the financial information about developing countries. He has been to many

     countries. This month he'll come to China to investigate the market situation.

4.  Laura has to stay in Beijing owing to her project in China for a whole year, but she felt it a nice thing

     to have an opportunity to spend the new year festival here. She'd like to take some Chinese traditional

     foods to meet the need of her family.

5.  Johnson is an epicure. Crab is his favorite. He will catch every chance to taste special, different and

     traditional foods all over the world. Chinese cuisine culture has made deep impression on him. So he

     thinks his visit to China this Summer will be a good expectation.