问题 实验题

科学探究是奇妙的过程,请你一起参与下面两个实验的探究,并填写下列空白。

1.实验一:呼吸作用是否产生二氧化碳的探究。

[提出问题]呼吸作用是否产生二氧化碳?

[设计方案并进行实验] 小雪:在试管中加入2mL蒸馏水,用一支玻璃导管插入水中吹气,结果未发现明显的现象。

小宁:在试管中加入2mL澄清石灰水,用玻璃导管向试管中的溶液吹气,产生的现象是:                   ,反应的化学方程式为:                              

[解释与结论] 根据他们的方案和实验,小雪方案中的实验原理用化学方程式表示为:                          ;小宁的结论为:                                     

[评价与反思] 小宁认为小雪的方案若继续实验,也能得到同样的结论。请你帮他设计实验的方案:

                                                               。(要求写出实验操作及产生的现象)。

2.实验二:融雪剂含有什么物质的探究。2008年春季,特大暴风雪袭击了我国南方地区,在抗击暴风雪的战斗中,融雪剂发挥了一定的作用。老师提供了一包某公司生产的融雪剂,已知它由碳酸钠、氯化镁、硫酸铜、氯化钠中的一种或几种物质组成。

[提出问题]该公司生产的融雪剂到底含有什么物质呢?

[查阅资料]含钠元素的物质在酒精灯的火焰上灼烧时会产生黄色火焰。

[实验探究]下面是小明设计的探究实验,请你帮他完成。

3.[反思和评价]

(1)写出③中反应的化学方程式__________________________________________。

(2)融雪剂融雪的原理是                                             

(3)使用融雪剂有很多危害,例如会腐蚀道路、桥梁。请你再举一例                                              

答案

1.澄清石灰水变浑浊

   CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+H2O

   CO2+H2O=H2CO3

    呼吸作用有CO2产生

   向所得溶液中滴入1-2滴紫色石蕊试液,溶液变红

2.

3.(1)MgCl2+2NaOH===Mg(OH)2↓+2NaCl

   (2)降低了溶液的凝固点

   (3)污染水,污染土壤等

阅读理解

B

Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who finally found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan (麦哲伦). Magellan sailed from Seville in August, 1519 with five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen months later, after spending the cold winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan Strait(海峡). In November, 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America. They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines (菲律宾), men were dying of starvation (饥饿). While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan’s expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.

61. The purpose of Magellan’s expedition was to ________.

A. sail round the world

B. find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific

C. make a voyage to Asia

D. carry men to Philippines

62. How long did Magellan and his sailors spend before they reach Magellan Strait?

A. 1519       B. Fourteen months   C. 280       D. 1520

63. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition?

A. Lack of equipment.

B. Cold winter in Patagonia.

C. The death of Magellan.

D. Dangers from rocks and storms.

64. The number of the ships lost on the whole expedition was ________.

A. two          B. three          C. four          D. five

65. The best title for this passage is ________.

A. The Discovery of Magellan’s Strait 

B. The Discovery of the Philippines

C. The Most Dangerous Expedition  

D. The First Expedition to sail round the world

单项选择题