问题 填空题

(1)2009年流行的甲型H1N1流感,感染早期用达菲治疗有效.从右侧达菲分子的结构图中,不能推断出达菲的______(填字母标号,下同).

A.组成元素   B.颜色、气味    C.化学式      D.相对分子质量

(2)有研究认为,“达菲”的治疗机理是药物与病毒的一种主要表面酶结合,使其不能离开已被感染的宿主细胞.这里的“酶”应是一种______.

A.维生素    B.糖    C.蛋白质     D.油脂

(3)判断“达菲”的治疗机理中是否发生了化学变化,其依据是______.

A.病毒的大小是否改变        B.病毒的形状是否变化

C.病毒是否离开宿主细胞      D.是否有新物质生成

(4)甲型H1N1流感病毒已传播世界多个国家,我国也已发现也有这样的病例,这说明甲型H1N1病毒分子______.

A.非常活泼    B.质量很大    C.不断运动     D.不断分裂

(5)“达菲”是目前世界上治疗甲型H1N1流感病毒的药物之一.生产药品的主要原材料是我国传统香料八角茴香中所含的莽草酸,根据莽草酸的化学式(C7H10O5) 请你回答:

①莽草酸由______元素组成;

②莽草酸属于______(填“有机物”或“无机物”);

③莽草酸中碳、氢、氧元素的质量比为______;

④174g莽草酸中含有______ g氧元素;

⑤莽草酸可在氧气中完全燃烧生成______.

答案

(1)由达菲分子的结构图,可以推断:该物质的元素组成;可以推测其化学式;可以计算其相对分子质量,故选B;

(2)“酶”是一种特殊的蛋白质,故选C;

(3)判断“达菲”的治疗机理中是否发生了化学变化,关键是看是否有新物质的生成,选项A、B、C均是描述了病毒的不同形态或大小等,属于物理变化,而选项D符合化学变化的判断标准,故选D.

(4)根据信息“甲型H1N1流感病毒已传播世界多个国家,我国也已发现也有这样的病例”可知分子是不断运动的,故选C.

(5)①由草莽酸的化学式可知,它是由三种元素组成的,故答案为:3;

②由莽草酸(化学式为C7H10O5)的化学式可知,该物质中含有碳元素,属于有机物,故答案为:有机物;

③由莽草酸的化学式为C7H10O5可知其中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量之比为(12×7):(1×10):(16×5)=42:5:40,故答案为:42:5:40;

④莽草酸中氧元素的质量=174g×

16×5
12×7+1×10+16×5
×100%=80g,故答案为80g.

⑤根据质量守恒定律,反应前后各元素的种类不变,莽草酸在氧气中完全燃烧生成CO2和H2O,故答案为:CO2和H2O

单项选择题
填空题

Why must we pay taxes The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example, to pay its soldiers, sailors and airmen, to build roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc, and to buy goods from abroad ; and only the people of the country can supply the money. One of the most important taxes is income-tax which a person pays according to the amount of his income, whether he is a merchant, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner or anything else. This is called a "direct" tax, because it is paid in money directly to the government. Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewelry, new clothes, tobacco, wine, etc, when they are brought into a country. Such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are late sold in shops. We call it "indirect" tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeepers. People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, to see that men obey the laws, to direct traffic, etc, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education, and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid. Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies, and we can’t have an army without paying for it. Besides, if a country wants to develop, there are many other things to do... Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. We buy our food and clothes and pay for our amusements; but, there are several things that the State finds the money for, and that is necessary for us if our society is to continue. We have no real reason to complain, therefore, when we are asked to supply money to be spent for the good of ourselves and for our fellow-citizens.

Title: (46)
Governments need (47)
for many things to do
  • a. (48) its soldiers, sailors and airmen
  • b. (49) roads, bridges, offices, schools, etc
  • c. (50) goods from abroad
Kinds of taxes and tax-payers a. (51) , which is paid by people whose income is over a certain amountb. (52) , which is paid through the shopkeepers
The function of tax Guarantee the (53) and the (54) of a country
(55) Taxes can not be avoided