问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

     For a small town, Manhattan, Kansas has some big surprises. And one of them is the Holiday Inn Hotel,

with rooms built around a swimming pool and a friendly family atmosphere.

     The Holiday Inn is where Manhattan people often go for a special party, or a night out. A lot of them

choose to eat in the brightly lighted restaurant near the pool. And many of them will be served by Ellen Logan,

who has worked as a waitress here for more than two years.

     Ellen, like most of the waitresses, is also a student. She comes from Nebraska, but she's planning one day

to be a veterinary surgeon, and to care for small animals. But in order to support herself at college, she works

twenty hours a week at the Holiday Inn.

     Ellen soon learned what every waitress finds out. Your best friend has a good pair of shoes. She paid

forty-five dollars for hers, much more than she would usually spend. She's discovered something else too.

You don't have to know much about food to be a good waitress, but you do have to know a lot about people.

     "A lot of business people always stay here when they come to Manhattan," she explains."They like you to

recognize them and remember their favorite dishes. But some couples come for a night out together. They just

want to be left alone. Then there are people who can't make up their minds. They look down the menu and

say'What do you suggest?'So I ask them how hungry they are. If they say, 'Not very', I suggest the salad bar,

with soup, salad, bread, and a fruit plate. But if they say they're very hungry, I suggest a Kansas Strip Steak,

with potatoes or rice. You get salad and bread as well. It's very nice. Real good value."

     Ellen may get tired feet sometimes, but at least she's learning too much about people. She'll probably make

a good animal doctor, but if she find she doesn't like it after all, she can always become a psychiatrist (心理

医生) instead.

1. A good title for this passage is_______.

A. Ellen Logan at the Holiday Inn

B. American Holiday Inn

C. A Special Holiday Inn Hotel in Manhattan

D. How to Deal with People

2. The word "a veterinary surgeon" probably means _______.

A. an animal doctor

B. an animal trainer

C. a hotel manager

D. a food expert

3. From the passage we can infer that _______.

A. waitresses in the Holiday Inn are all students

B. waitresses are required to buy a good pair of shoes before they go to work

C. waitresses should be familiar with the food there

D. it is more important for the waitresses to know much about people than food

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The Holiday Inn hotel is one of the big surprises in Manhattan.

B. Businessmen like to be recognized by the people and suggested what to eat.

C. Some couples prefer to be left alone without being bothered too much.

D. One of the reasons why people like to eat in the hotel is that it is full of a friendly atmosphere.

答案

1-4: AADB

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成后面的问题。

60年来中国为何不出文学大师?

黄   麟

上世纪三、四十年代,中国出了鲁迅等一批文学大师,鲁、郭、茅、巴、老、曹,还有沈从文、钱钟书、冰心等等。虽然也有一些文学大师成色虽然并不怎么样,叫起来有点勉强,但还不至于让人觉得别扭。 

可解放后一直到现在,偌大个中国,再也找不到一个真正的文学大师了。王蒙不够格,贾平凹不够格,莫言不够格,余华不够格,领过茅盾文学奖和鲁迅文学奖的一大堆作家,没有一个够格的。 

新中国不出文学大师,有人把原因归咎体制,我认为此种说法值得商榷。同样的体制,为什么科技界能出钱学森这样的大师,人文学科却交白卷?当年鲁迅他们,也是在体制内领工资,却并不影响这些大知识分子的独立精神和自由思想。所以,板子一味打在体制的屁股上,痛快是痛快了,却有失偏颇。     

也有人认为,“国家不幸诗家幸,赋到沧桑句便工”,把原因归咎“盛世”。这是不正确的。有时候,国家不幸,大环境不好,但作家个人的生活境遇比较好;有时候大环境好,即盛世时代,作家个体的生存状况却很糟。比如,李白杜甫是出生在盛唐时期的大诗人,李白大杜甫十一岁,两人又都经历过安史之乱。李白和杜甫在安史之乱前后,都创作出许多优秀之作。你说李杜是乱世出的大师还是盛世出的大师? “诗穷而后工,愤怒出诗人”是一种情况,“春风得意马蹄疾,一日看尽长安花”也是一种情况,不能将二者绝对化。改革开放后中国不出文学大师, * * 十年那样的“乱世”,同样出不了文学大师。可见“盛世说”是站不住脚的。所以,我觉得,伟大作品的诞生,大环境并非是决定因素,起决定作用的还是作家本人,别把过错都算到时代身上。主观原因和客观原因不能本末倒置。盛世有盛世的大师,乱世有乱世的大师,不能一概而论。 

大师之大,不在著作等身,不在胡子长短,在于人格和文魄之大,在于其作品传达的伟大精神和普世价值。因此,新中国出不了文学大师的原因是多方面的。 

首先,就作家自身而言。许多作家成名之后,船到码头车到站,便开始吃老本,不思进取,千方百计想办法把名气变现成看得见摸得着的实惠,尽可能利益最大化。文学成了作家谋取名利的道具。作家不是被“圈养”,就是被商业收编,无法实现精神和灵魂突围。作家的物质GDP是上去了,精神CDP却一直负增长,入不敷出。自身一团污浊,何以宁静致远?内心一团漆黑,如何照亮别人? 

文学功利化的紧迫感与日俱增。每个人都想以最小的付出获取最大的利益;每个人都想天上的馅饼往自己的头上砸。作家不但影响不了社会,而是被社会的灯红酒绿牵着鼻子走。文学最大限度被物化和细化,导致许多作家在讨价还价中创作,锤炼的不是语言和思想,而是鸡虫得失。文学丧失了敬畏,大家彼此彼此,谁也不管什么大师不大师。做人格局小,何来作文格局之大?这个时候,作家写出来的作品也就可想而知。 

其次,就无名作者的成长来说。当下的文学期刊,大都江河日下,风光不再。据一位业内人氏透露,不少省级文学期刊,比内部刊物更“内部”,除了图书馆,订阅的读者不超过一百本。某些文学期刊成了编辑和作者自娱自乐的“圆桌文学”,数来数去,就那么几个和切身利益相关的人在看。文学期刊的影响力更是日渐式微。如果没有媒体和网络的配合,靠单打独斗,不管这些文学期刊如何声嘶力竭,要吆喝出一个“著名作家”,难度较大。 

另一方面,是文学粉丝对文学新人的排斥。伪作家太多,伪大师太多。这些伪作家伪大师,到处招摇撞骗,严重透支了读者的信任。于是,每个文学粉丝都有一种与生俱来的敌意,想方设法避免成为他人成功的工具。于是,文学粉丝变得势利无比,学会吝啬赞美。即使读到一流的文章,如果是无名作者,他也会不屑一顾,嘴角上翘,大声叹喟大师难觅。 

中国不出文学大师,还有一个重要原因,是丰富多彩的现代生活对文学的影响。电影电视的多彩多姿,互联网的色声犬马,在一定程度上弱化了文学的功能。过去,读者的精神食粮,主要是文学作品。现在,时代不同了,影视,网络,多姿多彩的文化生活,大大削减了文学的功能。人们可以通过不同的文艺形式,找到感情宣泄的渠道。尽管这种出口是浅层的,无法真正抵达人的内心。 

一切与文学无关,却与文学家有关。不同的起跑线,文学节节败退,影视网络后来居上,这是作家不能容忍的。于是许多作家不惜放下身段,和娱乐圈同抢一块蛋糕。一番大打出手之后,作家华丽转身,名利双收。只是,人品和文品荡然无存,泯然众人。于是,“大师”休矣。 

文学是人类的精神篝火,时代呼唤大师。因为,大师是道德的坐标,思想的明灯,灵魂的驿站,精神的丰碑,沙漠的绿洲……是人生旅途中的一道道旖旎丽景。               

(摘自人民网2010年3月26日文化频道,有删改) 

小题1:根据文意,以下说法错误的两项是(    )(     )(5分) 

A.鲁迅也在体制内领工资,却具有知识分子的独立精神和自由思想,所以,把新中国不出文学大师的原因归咎体制是错误的。

B.作者认为,伟大作品的诞生,与大环境无关,起决定作用的还是作家本人。

C.现在,影视,网络,多姿多彩的文化生活,这些不同的文艺形式,使人们找到了感情宣泄的渠道,找到了真正的精神寄托。

D.作者认为,文学最大限度地被物化和细化,许多作家锤炼的已不是语言和思想,而是利益得失,难于写出好的作品。E. 所谓大师,并不在于作品的多少、年龄的大小,而在于作家的人格和文章的气魄,在于作品所传达的精神和普世价值。 

小题2:以下论据中,与“盛世说”观点相一致的一组是(    )(3分) 

A.“国家不幸诗家幸,赋到沧桑句便工”,李白和杜甫在安史之乱前后,都创作出许多优秀之作。

B.春风得意马蹄疾,一日看尽长安花

C.诗穷而后工,愤怒出诗人

D.改革开放后中国不出文学大师, * * 十年那样的“乱世”,同样出不了文学大师。小题3:如何理解“大师是道德的坐标,思想的明灯,灵魂的驿站,精神的丰碑,沙漠的绿洲……是人生旅途中的一道道旖旎丽景”这句话,它有什么作用?(4分)   

小题4:作者认为,60年中国出不了文学大师的原因有哪些?请加以概括。(4分)

单项选择题