问题 阅读理解与欣赏

水乡怀旧

文/周作人

        在水乡的城里是每条街几乎都有一条河平行着,所以到处有桥,低的或者只有两三级,桥下才通行小船,高的便有六七级了。乡下没有这许多桥,可是汊港纷歧,走路就靠船只,等于北方的用车,有钱的可以专雇,工作的人自备有“出坂”船,一般普通人只好趁公共的通航船只。

        船有两种,其一名曰埠船,是走本县近路的,其二曰航船,走外县远路,大抵夜里开,次晨到达。埠船在城里有一定的埠头,早上进城,下午开回去,大抵水陆六七十里,一天里可以打来回的,就都称为埠船。埠船总数不知道共有多少,大抵中等的村子总有一只,虽是私人营业,其实可以算是公共交通机关。鲁迅短篇小说集《彷徨》里有一篇讲离婚的小说,说庄木三带领他的女儿往庞庄找慰老爷去,即是坐埠船去的,但是他在那里使用国语称作航船,小说又重在描画人物,关于埠船的东西没有什么描写。这是一种白篷的中型的田庄船,两旁直行镶板,并排坐人,中间可以搁放物件。船钱不过一二十文吧,看路的远近,也不一定。

        乡村的住户是固定的,彼此都是老街坊,或者还是本家,上船一看乘客差不多是熟人,坐下就聊起天来,这里的空气与那远路多是生客的航船便很有点不同。航船走的多是从前的驿路,终点即是驿站,它的职业是送往迎来的事;埠船却办着本村的公用事业,多少有点给地方服务的意思,不单是营业,它不但搭客上下,传送信件,还替村里代办货物。无论是一斤麻油,一尺鞋面布,或是一斤淮蟹,只要店铺里有的,都可以替你买来。他们也不写账,回来时只凭着记忆,这是三六叔的旱烟五十六文,这是七斤嫂的布六十四文,一件都不会遗漏或是错误。它载人上城,并且还代人跑街,这是很方便的事,但是也或者有人,特别是女太太们,要嫌憎买的不很称心,那么只好且略等候,等“船店”到来的时候,自己买了。城市里本有货郎担,挑着担子,手里摇着一种雅号“惊闺”或是“唤娇娘”的特制的小鼓,方言称之为“袋络担”,据孙德祖的《寄龛乙志》卷四里说:“货郎担越中谓之袋络担,是货什杂布帛及丝线之属,其初盖以络索担囊橐衍且售,故云。”后来却是用藤竹织成,叠起来很高的一种箱担了,但在水乡大约因为行走不便,所以没有,却有一种便于水行的船店出来,弥补这个缺憾。这外观与普通的埠船没有什么不同,平常一个人摇着橹,到得行近一个村庄,船里有人敲起小锣来,大家知道船店来了,一哄的出到河岸头,各自买需要的东西,大概除柴米外,别的日用品都可以买到,有洋油与洋灯罩,也有芒麻鞋面布和洋头绳,以及丝线。这是旧时代的办法,其实却很是有用的。

       我看见过这种船店,趁过这种埠船,还是在民国以前,时间经过了六十年,可能这些都已没有了也未可知,那么我所追怀的也只是前尘梦影了吧。不过如我上文所说,这些办法虽旧,用意却都是好的。近来在报上时常看见,有些售货员努力到山乡里去送什货,这实在即是开船店的意思,不过更是辛劳罢了。

1、给下列划线字注音。

      船(             ) 驿路(             ) 嫌(              ) 一(              )

2、根据文意解释下列划线的词语。

      ①埠船总数不知道共有多少,大抵中等的村子总有一只大抵:

 ________________________________________________________________________________________

      ②我看见过这种船店,过这种埠船趁:

 ________________________________________________________________________________________

      ③乡村的住户是固定的,彼此都是老街坊,或者还是本家街坊:

 ________________________________________________________________________________________

      ④但是也或者有人,特别是女太太们,要嫌憎买的不很称心,那么只好且略等候,等“船店”到来的时候,自己买了嫌憎:____________________________________________

3、称为“埠船”的原因是什么?请用曲线在文中画出来。

4、用自己的语言概括“埠船”和“航船”的不同。

 ________________________________________________________________________________________

5、作者写这篇文章的目的是什么?请从文中找出说明其目的的一个词。

 ________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                                 6、文章结尾作者为什么要写售货员?

 ________________________________________________________________________________________                                                                         

答案

1、bù;yì;zēng;hòng

2、①大概 ②同“乘”,坐 ③邻居 ④嫌恶,不是很喜欢

3、埠船在城里有一定的埠头,早上进城,下午开回去,大抵水陆六七十里,一天里可以打来回的,就都称为埠船。

4、不同:埠船走本县,航船走远路;埠船在城里有埠头,航船多是走从前的驿站;埠船办着本村的公用事业,航船的职业是送往迎来。

5、追怀

6、售货员和船店都是辛苦的,作者写售货员一是为了再次重申开船店的辛苦,二是对这种奉献的事业进行赞美。

选择题
阅读理解

Children pushed in buggies which face away from their parents may suffer long­term emotional(情感的)and language problems,according to a study published on Friday.

The research,believed to be the first of its kind,found that children who were not facing the person pushing them were less likely to talk,laugh and communicate with their parents.

The findings were based on a study of 2,722 parents and babies and an experiment where 20 babies were wheeled in buggies for a mile,facing their parents for half the journey and facing away for the other half. Parents using face­to­face buggies were twice as likely to talk to their children while the babies’ heart rates fell and they were twice as likely to fall asleep,showing that they were feeling relaxed and safe.

In addition,only one baby out of the 20 studied laughed while sitting in an away­facing buggy.

“Our data(数据) suggests that for many babies today,life in a buggy is emotionally impoverished and possibly stressful. Stressed babies grow into anxious adults,” said Dr Suzanne Zeedyk,Developmental Psychologist at Scotland’s Dundee University who carried out the research.

The study,which was published by National Literacy Trust as part of its “Talk To Your Baby” campaign,found that 62 percent of all children observed travelled in away­facing buggies.

Zeedyk said it would have a negative effect on babies’ development if they spent a long time in away­facing buggies,which would be bad to their ability to communicate with their parent at a time when their brain was developing rapidly.

Laura Barbour of the Sutton Trust,a social mobility charity which funded the research,said buggy manufacturers(制造商) should look closely at the findings.

小题1:Using away­facing buggies may________.

A.benefit both the babies and their parents

B.affect babies’ language ability permanently

C.help babies communicate with their parents

D.have positive effect on babies’ development小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Parents may talk twice with the babies in away­facing buggies.

B.The study suggests children feel relaxed and safe in buggies.

C.The samples (案例)of the study were 20 babies wheeled in buggies.

D.One of the 20 babies was twice as likely to fall asleep in buggies.小题3:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Best for Kids to Face Parents in Buggy

B.Best for Kids to Communicate with Parents

C.Stressed Babies Grow into Anxious Adults

D.Buggy Manufacturers Care about the Finding