问题 实验题

碳酸氢钠常用于食品和医药工业。某化学兴趣小组的同学对碳酸氢钠的热稳定性进行探究。

【查阅资料】

1.碳酸氢钠受热容易分解,生成水、二氧化碳气体和一种常见的固体物质。

2.碳酸钠溶液呈碱性。

【进行实验】为了验证碳酸氢钠受热时会分解,兴趣小组的同学取一定质量的碳酸氢钠到铜片上加热,如下图所示。

(1)加热一段时间后,观察到烧杯内壁有___________。

(2)充分加热后,将烧杯迅速倒转过来,倒入适量的澄清石灰水,振荡,观察到石灰水变浑浊。写出该反应的化学方程式:_______________________。

(3)兴趣小组的同学认为:充分加热后的固体产物可能是NaOH或Na2CO3

①他们的依据是________________。

②兴趣小组为了确定反应后的固体产物成分进行以下实验,请填写下表:

【讨论与评价】实验一的结论与实验二、实验三的结论相反,在讨论时,兴趣小组的同学认为方案一的结论不正确,他们的理由是________________。

【总结】请写出碳酸氢钠受热分解的化学方程式_______________。

答案

(1)水珠(或水雾等,合理答案均可)

(2)Ca(OH)2+CO2==CaCO3↓+H2O

(3)①质量守恒定律或化学反应前后元素种类不变或化学反应前后原子种类不变或NaHCO3中含有Na、H、C、O等元素等合理答案均可

碳酸钠溶液呈碱性,也能使溶液变成红色

2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O

阅读理解

Dr Asim Syed, 32, has performed more than 100 operations at London’s Hammersmith Hospital in the country’s busiest transplant unit, but never imagined that he would one day become a donor himself.

He stepped forward when was told his 64-year-old mother might be dead within months unless she got a new kidney (肾). The worried surgeon brought her to London to be cared for at his hospital. However, it was not all plain sailing. Tests showed Dr Syed was the wrong blood group, so the only way was to go through a special blood-washing process. He consulted colleagues about that, but they didn’t agree, because the risk of rejection is still too high. Dr Syed and his mother were then advised to consider a new way of donating and receiving, called an organ-paired. That is, Dr Syed donated his kidney to an unknown person and another donor in the chain was a successful match for his mother. The chain of three transplants took place at the same time on July 31 with Dr Syed’s kidney going to a recipient in the Midlands and Mrs. Syed receiving her kidney from a person in the south of England.

Just hours after donating his own kidney, Dr Syed found himself recovering in bed next to his mother. Mrs Syed said, “When I came round from my operation Asim was in the next bed and the first thing he said was, ‘Mum now all your worries are over.’ Tears fell down.”

Now mother and son are recovering well with Dr Syed already back at work. Mrs. Syed is staying with him for several months while the hospital monitors her progress.

He said, “I did what anyone would do when they see a relative suffering disease. Although I wasn’t able to help mum directly, by agreeing to be part of a chain, I was also very happy.”

小题1: Why isn’t it a plain sailing?

A.No one can treat his mother well.

B.Dr Syed was the wrong blood group.

C.They didn’t have money to be in hospital.

D.Mrs. Syed was unwilling to receive the operation.小题2:Why didn’t his colleagues agree to the method of blood-washing?

A.It is very dangerous.

B.It costs too much.

C.They didn’t know how to do it at all.

D.They didn’t have the relative equipment.小题3: What can we learn about Mrs. Syed?

A.She was touched by his son’s deed.

B.She has already recovered completely.

C.After operation, she went her own home.

D.She was in hospital in London for many years.小题4:What can be inferred from the text?

A.The hospital still needs improving.

B.Dr Syed has love and devotion to his parents.

C.The expense in the hospital is too high to afford.

D.Dr Syed donated his kidney to his mother directly.

单项选择题