问题 综合

根据图文材料完成下列问题。(36分)

材料一 图甲为肯尼亚及毗邻国家略图,图乙为图甲中沿AB线地形剖面示意图。

材料二 农业是肯尼亚的支柱产业之一。近年来鲜花产业发展较快,出口鲜花约占欧盟市场的1/3。蒙巴萨港是东非地区最大的港口,该港有各类万吨级以上泊位21个,港口吃水9.45米以上,24小时通航。陆上有一条铁路和一条公路与首都内罗毕相连,铁路不承运空集装箱。此外,肯尼亚航空业较为发达,与30多个欧美国家和地区通航。

(1)简述肯尼亚鲜花种植业的区位优势。(12分)

(2)根据材料二,分析蒙巴萨港筑港的有利和不利条件。(8分)

(3)结合图乙,分析图甲中2 000 mm降雨高值区分布的位置特点及成因。(8分)

(4)分析东非大裂谷谷底多湖泊以及湖水偏咸的成因。(8分)

答案

(1)高原地势起伏较小;气候暖湿,降水丰富;土壤肥沃;地价及农业劳动力成本低;航空运输便利;市场广阔等。(12分)。

(2)有利条件:港阔水深;位于赤道附近,风浪小。(4分)

不利条件:由于铁路不承运空集装箱,导致港口货物主要通过公路运往外地,导致陆上交通拥挤;经济腹地小。(4分)

(3)分布:维多利亚湖西侧(西部)。(2分)

成因:印度洋暖湿偏东风经过维多利亚湖面,空气湿度增加;受山地阻挡,气流抬升,形成地形雨;赤道地区对流旺盛,多对流雨。(6分)

(4)东非大裂谷为板块的张裂地区(生长边界),地层大规模断裂下陷(多地堑);东非高原降水量大,水体汇聚于裂谷带积水成湖(4分)。

从高原流下的水体携带的矿物质(盐分)汇聚于湖泊;当地气温高,淡水蒸发量大;多是内流湖,湖中的盐分长期净流入累积变咸(4分)。

题目分析:

(1)读图,肯尼亚位于东非高原上,高原地势起伏较小,便于耕作。有赤道穿过,属于热带草原气候,气候暖湿,降水丰富。该地土壤肥沃,地价及农业劳动力成本低。根据材料二,肯尼亚航空业较为发达,与30多个欧美国家和地区通航。航空运输便利,市场广阔等。

(2)读材料二分析,蒙巴萨港港阔水深,是东非地区最大的港口。位于赤道附近,风浪小,便于船只停靠,有利于航运业发展。但是,由于只有一条铁路一条公路相通,铁路不承运空集装箱,导致港口货物主要通过公路运往外地,导致陆上交通拥挤。经济水平低,经济腹地小。

(3)图甲中2 000 mm降雨高值区分布的位置在维多利亚湖西侧。这是因为印度洋暖湿偏东风经过维多利亚湖面,空气湿度增加。湿润的水汽受山地阻挡,气流抬升,形成地形雨。赤道地区对流旺盛,多对流雨。所以降水量大。

(4)东非大裂谷为板块的张裂地区,是板块的生长边界,地层大规模断裂下陷形成了许多地堑。东非高原降水量大,水体汇聚于裂谷带中的洼地,积水成湖。从高原上流下的水体携带的矿物质,即盐分。盐分和水流一起汇聚于湖泊。当地气温高,淡水蒸发量大,而裂谷内多是内流湖,水分蒸发,湖中的盐分长期净流入累积,导致湖水变咸。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

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