问题 综合题

工业革命推动了资本主义经济的迅速发展,也影响到中国。回答

材料一:

资本主义世界工业年增长率示意图

(1)观察图示,结合所学分析第二时间段(1879-1900年)资本主义世界工业增长的原因及主要成果。(14分)

材料二

(2)依据上图概括说明近代以来中国民族资本主义发展的趋势(2分),结合所学知识,回答第三阶段中国资本主义经济迅速发展的原因(8分)

答案

(1)自然科学与工业生产结合,第二次工业革命开始,电力和内燃机的广泛应用,垄断组织的出现(或者世界市场最终形成)(6分)

成果:电的广泛使用;内燃机的创制和使用,汽车、飞机等交通工具的出现;电报、电话等通讯工具的出现;化学工业的建立;钢铁等传统工业的发展(8分任意四点即可)

(2)趋势:民族资本主义经济曲折发展(2分)

原因:①辛亥革命推翻了满清封建专制统治,建立中华民国,为资本主义的发展扫除了一些障碍;②临时政府鼓励发展实业的政策也推动了民族资本主义的发展。“实业救国”成为思潮 ③群众性反帝爱国运动,尤其是抵制外货、提倡国货,减少了外国商品市场。

④欧洲列强忙于一战,暂时放松了对中国的经济侵略,为中国民族资本主义发展提供有利的外部条件。(8分)

题目分析:

(1)题干中的第二时间段(1879-1900年)正是第二次工业革命时期。在第二次工业革命的推动下,垄断组织出现,世界市场最终形成,这些因素促进了资本主义世界工业迅速增长。第二小问结合所学史实,概括第二次工业革命的主要成果。

(2)材料二的图示反映了近代以来中国民族资本主义的曲折发展历程。第二小问结合所学知识,回答第三阶段中国资本主义经济迅速发展的原因。第三阶段时间从1912—1919年,也就是“一战”期间,原因可以从国内、国际两个方面分析概括。

点评:第二次工业革命使生产力再一次发生质的提升,欧洲各国之间为了不断争夺原料,资源,竞争世界霸主地位,掀起了新的一波殖民扩张,对中国也进行了更加残酷的商品倾销和战争掠夺。比如日本发动甲午战争,八国联军侵华等。随着第二次工业革命的发生,中国民族资本主义再一次得到发展,实业救国的口号开始出现,后来在辛亥革命和第一次世界大战期间达到短暂的春天。这是世界历史发展潮流所产生的必然结果。

阅读理解
阅读下列短文,选择正确的答案。
        The Chinese New Year is the most important holiday for Chinese people. For the Chinese, the New Year
comes on the first day of the First Moon, between about January 21 and February 19. The holiday lasts for
fifteen days. 
        Finally, at midnight on the first day of the First Moon it is New Year's Day for Chinese people. People
close the shops and the streets are empty. Everyone shuts the doors and stays at home. 
        It is an important time for the family. The younger people bow to the older people. The Chinese call this
Kou Tou or kowtow. This means touching the ground with the forehead. Then the younger people wish the
older people a Happy New Year. The older people give children gifts of money in red envelopes. The family
then goes to sleep.  
        In the morning,people dress in their best clothes. Some people stay at home,others go out to pay a New
Year call. They are very polite and do not use bad words. It's the most important day of the year.
1. What is the other name for Chinese New Year?
[ ]
A.Spring Festival.
B.New Year's Day.
C.Christmas.
D.Mid-autumn Festival.
2. What do people usually do immediately after the Chinese New Year's Eve?
[ ]
A.They pay visit to their friends around their families.
B.They stay at home and kowtow to the older.
C.They hold a party singing and dancing.
D.They make beautiful dress for children.
3. How do younger people kowtow to older ones?
[ ]
A.They nod their heads.
B.They hold their heads high.
C.They touch their heads with fingers.
D.They lower their heads to the ground.
4. What do people say when they pay a New Year call to someone?
[ ]
A.How are you?
B.How do you do?
C.Happy New Year!
D.Good morning!
5. What do older people give to younger ones as gifts?
[ ]
A.Best dress.
B.Some money.
C.Letters in red envelops.
D.Good words and smile.
单项选择题