问题 问答题

先贤苏格拉底有句名言“美德即知识”,后人对此提出质疑。请以“道德是否可教”为话题进行写作。文体不限,诗歌除外。

答案

参考答案:古希腊教育家苏格拉底将美德与知识等同,由知识的可教而得到美德可教。道德究竟可教吗我认为,道德不是单纯由教得来的,道德是在有教育的环境中养成的。因为美德不仅仅是知识,美德可以是知识以外的东西,是一种人们践行道德的见识。
我认为道德养成途径有三条:基本知识的传授;专门的道德知识的教授;榜样的树立与环境的习染。
道德养成途径中,占首要地位的是榜样的树立与环境的习染。由于人的社会属性,人无时无刻不处于社会化进程中和受到社会各个方面(如家长、教师、同学、媒体等)的影响,社会氛围无疑在个体道德认识和情感体验及价值判断中占重要地位。
其次是基本知识的传授。这里的基本知识是指除专门的道德知识以外的知识,并且是指在学校中有组织地习得的知识,既包括学科知识,又包括活动课程知识。普通课程的学习可以在生理上和心理上给学生造成影响,从而影响其对道德的情感体验。对一般知识(非德育知识)的学习,可以开阔一个人的眼界,转变其思维方式,使其对社会甚至整个世界有更深刻的认识和更宏观的把握,而不是只看到表面的、暂时的利害和个人的得失,从而提高个人的道德境界。活动课程不仅可以获取知识,同时也把道德实践包含在内,使课程的道德教育功能更全面。
再次为道德知识的教授。道德知识偏重于教,是对社会行为规范的总结与体系化,是独立的德育过程。这种专门知识自成体系,对于培养受教育者道德意识,规范受教育者行为有一定作用。
总之,道德是每个人所应追求的品质,但其养成不是一朝一夕的事,而是一生要做的功课。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead.  

He told of different men and of strange civilizations, broken up by long dark ages in between. In his view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we were just the First

Men. In 2 000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth of  "last men". 

     However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some

possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred? The next million? That's much more difficult.

     When men and women lived by hunting 50 000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture

modem life? Yet to men of 50 000 years from now, we may seem as primitive(原始的) in our ideas as

the Stone Age hunters to us. Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spindles, or

struggling with their ballalators through the tribes. These words, which I have just made up, have to

stand for things and ideas that we simply can't think of.

     So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we  

remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history, we are likely to think

our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live

on because we are careless or greedy or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of

excuses for us. Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we

may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future

men may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So set your imagination free when you think

about the future.  

1. The mention of Olaf Stapledon's book in the opening paragraph       .

A. serves as a description of human history

B. serves as an introduction to the discussion

C. shows a disagreement of views

D. shows the popularity of the book             

2. The text discusses men and women 50 000 years ago and 50 000 years from now in order to show

that       .

A. human history is extremely long

B. life has changed a great deal

C. it is useless to plan for the next 50 years

D. it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future

3. Spindles and ballalators are used in the text to refer to         .

A. tools used in farming

B. ideas about modem life

C. unknown things in the future

D. hunting skills in the Stone Age

4. According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will         

A. be good for the interests of the present and future generations

B. enable us to better understand human history

C. help us to improte farming

D. make life worth living

问答题 简答题