问题 综合题

(26分)阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:自该年12月1日起,无论为英国人或别国人的殖民地所生长、出产或制造的任何货物或商品,如非由属于本共和国人民所有的任何种类船舶载运,皆不得输入或带进英吉利共和国,或殖民地或领土……如违反本条例,其全部进口货物,应予没收,运载该项货物或商品人口的船舶……亦应一律没收。                       ——《航海条例》

材料二:1824年,英普条约规定两国船只在彼此港口中所征关税平等。法国拿破仑三世统治时期,奉行自由贸易原则,全面、大幅度地降低商品进口关税,废除第一帝国以来的关税保护政策;1860年以后,法国与英国、比利时、德国等签订一系列自由贸易条约,将本国经济完全纳入世界市场。

材料三:1842年中英《南京条约》规定:“英国商民居住通商之广州等五处,应纳进口、出口货税、饷费,均宜秉公议定则例,由部颁发晓示,以便英商按例交纳。”

(1)英国议会颁布《航海条例》的矛头指向谁?这一条例所反映的思想与全球化趋势是否相符?请结合材料一及所学知识说明判断理由。(5分)

(2)根据材料二、三,概括工业革命时期国际经济交流基本准则的完整内涵,并指出这对世界市场的作用。(6分)

(3)20世纪上半期,工业革命以来所确立的经济交流基本准则遭到了一系列的破坏,请结合史实予以说明其被破坏的原因。(9分)

(4)二战后初期资本主义国家为了重建世界经济采取了哪些措施?这有何意义?(6分)

答案

(1)荷兰。(2分)不相符(1分)因为英国的《航海条例》体现了其贸易保护主义的要求,阻碍了国与国之间的经济交流。(2分)

(2)内涵:在主要资本主义国家实行关税平等、自由贸易;资本主义国家对亚非拉国家进行侵略、掠夺。(4分)标志着资本主义世界市场的逐渐成熟(2分)

(3)两次世界大战期间,国际关系恶化,原有的准则不起作用;(2分)

1929-1933年经济危机(2分)后各资本主义国家为了摆脱危机打起了经济战,这使原有的世界经济秩序陷入混乱;(3分)

十月革命后两种社会制度展开竞争与对抗,这影响了两种制度国家间的正常交往。(2分)

(4)措施:建立起以美元为中心的“布雷顿森里体系”,并成立世界银行、国际货币基金组织、关贸总协定三大世界性经济组织。(4分)

意义:它适应经济全球化发展的趋势,反映了世界经济体系化和制度化的发展方向。(2分)

题目分析:第(1)小问中的第一问依据材料中“非由属于本共和国人民所有的任何种类船舶载运,皆不得输入或带进英吉利共和国,或殖民地或领土”和所学知识可知,《航海条例》的颁布主要针对“海上马车夫”荷兰;第二问结合所学知识可这一思想与全球化趋势不相符,其理由依据材料和结合所学知识即可得出。第(2)小问中的第一问依据材料“关税平等”、“自由贸易原则”、“《南京条约》”、“协定关税”可知,从主要资本主义国家和资本主义国家与殖民地国家之间两个方面总结概括得出即可;第二问依据所学知识即可得出国际经济交流基本准则对世界市场的作用。第(3)小问解题的关键在于:首先,“20世纪上半期”是判断答题的重要时间;其次,结合史实,结合20世纪上半期发生的重大事件,如两战、1929-1933年经济危机、俄国十月革命的胜利等,分析这些重大事件对经济交流基本准则的破坏。第(4)小问中的第一问解题的关键在于:首先,“二战后初期”是判断答题的重要时间;其次,结合史实,结合二战后初期资本主义世界体系的形成,从国际金融体系和国际贸易体系的形成两个方面来回答。第二问结合所学知识可知,其意义在于它适应经济全球化发展的趋势,反映了世界经济体系化和制度化的发展方向。

点评:资本主义世界经济体系即资本主义世界市场,高考考查的主要集中在:(1)新航路开辟、殖民扩张、两次工业革命是资本主义世界市场形成过程中的重大事件,高考命题主要考查运用新史观,辩证地分析历史问题是还原历史真相、客观评价历史;(2)高考重视对运用全球史观、整体史观、文明史观看待新航路开辟、殖民扩张与资本主义世界市场形成问题的考查,特别是从不同角度客观评价历史,考查资本主义世界市场形成的客观积极影响。

选择题
单项选择题

Like every language, American English is full of special expressions, phrases that come from the day-to-day life of the people and develop in their own way. Our expression today is "to face the music".
When someone says, "well, I guess I’ll have to face the music, " it does not mean he’s planning to go to the concert. It is something far less pleasant, like being called in by your boss to explain why you did this and did that, and why you didn’t do this or that. Sour music indeed, but it has to be faced. At sometime or another, every one of us has had to face the music, especially as children. We can all remember father’s angry voice, "I want to talk to you. " and only because we did not obey him. What an unpleasant business it was!
The phrase "to face the music" is familiar to every American, young and old. It is at least 100 years old. And where did this expression come from The first explanation comes from the American novelist, James Fenimore Looper. He said, in 1851, that the expression was first used by actors while waiting in the wings to go on the stage. When they got their cue to go on, they often said, "Well, it’s time to face the music. " And that was exactly what they did—facing the orchestra which was just below them. And an actor might be frightened or nervous as he moved on to the stage in front of an audience that might be friendly or perhaps hostile, especially if he forgot his lines. But he had to go out. If he did not, there would be no play. So the expression "to face the music" come to mean "having to go through something, no matter how unpleasant the experience might be, because you knew you had no choice".
Other explanations about the expression go back to the army. When the men faced an inspection by their leader, the soldiers would be worried about how well they looked. Was their equipment clean, shinny enough to pass the inspection Still the men had to go out and face the music of the band as well as the inspection. What else could they do
Another army explanation is more closely related to the idea of facing the results and accepting the responsibility for something that should not have been done. As, for example when a man is forced out of the army because he did something terrible, he is dishonored. The band does not play. Only the drums tap a sad, slow beat. The soldier is forced to leave, facing such music as it is and facing the back of his horse.

How many ways does the phrase "to face the music" comes from

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4