问题 计算题

如图(a)所示,轻绳AD跨过固定在水平横梁BC右端的定滑轮挂住一个质量为M1的物体,∠ACB=30°;如图(b)中轻杆HG一端用铰链固定在竖直墙上,另一端G通过细绳EG拉住,EG与水平方向也成30°,轻杆的G点用细绳CF拉住一个质量为M2的物体,求:

(1)细绳AC段的张力TAC与细绳EG的张力TEG之比;

(2)轻杆BC对C端的支持力;

(3)轻杆HG对G端的支持力.

答案

(1) M1/2M2

(2) M1g,方向和水平方向成30°,指向斜右上方

(3) M2g,方向水平向右

图(a)和图(b)中的两个物体M1、M2都处于平衡状态,根据平衡的条件,首先判断与物体相连的细绳,其拉力大小等于物体的重力;分别取C点和G点为研究对象,进行受力分析如图 (a)和如图 (b)所示,根据平衡规律可求解.

(1)图 (a)中轻绳AD跨过定滑轮拉住质量为M1的物体,物体处于平衡状态,绳AC段的拉力TAC=TCD=M1g;图 (b)中由于TEGsin30°=M2g得TEG=2M2g,所以得TAC/TEG=M1/2M2

(2)图 (a)中,根据平衡规律,由拉密定理可得,NC=TAC=M1g,方向和水平方向成30°,指向斜右上方;

(3)图 (b)中,根据平衡方程有

TEGsin30°=M2g、TEGcos30°=NG

所以NG=M2gcot30°=M2g,方向水平向右.

阅读理解

Many people like to travel (旅行) by plane, but I don’t like it because an airport(机场)is usually far from the city. You have to get there early and wait for hours for the plane to take off (起飞) and it is often late. You can’t open the window. You can’t choose(选择)the food. Planes are fast, but they still take hours to get out of the airport and into the city.

I like traveling by train. I think trains are safe (安全的). Railway stations(火车站) are usually in cities. When you can’t catch a train, you can catch another one. You can walk around in the train and open the windows. You can see many interesting things on your way. I know it takes a little more time.

I also like cars. You can start your journey (旅行) when you want to, and you don’t need to get to a railway station or a bus stop. Also you can carry many things with you in a car. But sometimes there are too many cars on the road.

小题1:Why do many people like to travel by plane?

A.Because it is fast.

B.Because you can walk around in the plane.

C.Because it is safe.

D.Because you can carry many things in a plane.小题2:Which is not the good thing about the train?

A.It is safe.

B.It takes a little more time.

C.You can open the windows.

D.You can choose the food.小题3:If you want to take a lot of things with you, what do you take to go out?

A.A bus.

B.A car.

C.A train.

D.A ship.小题4:What is the bad thing about the car?

A.You needn’t go to a station.

B.You can start your journey when you want to.

C.There are too many cars on the road.

D.You have to wait for a long time.小题5:What does the writer think of the plane, train and car?

A.He likes to take a train because it takes a little more time.

B.He likes to take a car because he has a car.

C.He doesn’t like traveling by plane he can’t choose the food on the plane.

D.He thinks it takes a lot of time to go to and get out of the airport.

判断题