问题 问答题

本题为必选题,请在Ⅰ、Ⅱ两道试题中选取一道作答。
1. Ⅰ.埃里克森的心理社会发展理论及其教育意义。

答案

参考答案:Ⅰ.埃里克森认为儿童人格的发展是一个逐渐形成的过程,它必须经历一系列顺序不变的阶段,每一个阶段都有一个由生物学成熟与社会文化环境、社会期望之间的冲突和矛盾作决定的发展危机,每一个危机都涉及一个积极的选择与一个潜在的消极选择之间的冲突。如果个体能够成功而又合理地解决每个阶段的危机或冲突,就会形成积极的人格特征,促进人格的健全发展;反之,导致消极人格的形成。按照人在一生中所处的特定时期经历的生理成熟和社会要求,埃里克森将人的一生分为八个阶段:信任对不信任、自主行动对羞怯怀疑、主动自发对退缩愧疚、勤奋进取对自贬自卑、自我同一性对角色混乱、友爱亲密对孤僻疏离、精力充沛对颓废迟疑、完美无缺对悲观失望。
埃里克森的心理社会发展论指出了人生每个阶段发展任务及所需要的支持帮助,这有助于教育工作者了解中小学生在不同发展阶段所面临的各种冲突,从而采取相应的措施,因势利导,对症下药。

选择题
单项选择题

When Dance Speaks the Unspoken and No Language Is Required

当舞蹈说出没有说出的话,就无需语言了

A complete dancer today, is well trained in more than one discipline. The European dance scene has seen a rebirth of the influence of Spanish dance with the fusion of Flamenco and Classical Spanish Dance with other styles. The excitements of these fusions are very present in the Bay Area, which is America’s hotbed of Flamenco.

This heat wave of creation, arrived last summer in Walnut Creek with the premiere concert season of Carolina Lugo’s Brisas de Espa—a Flamenco Dance Company. Carolina’s company not only presents the powerful intense energy of solo flamenco but the grace and joy of classical dances. She herself was trained in classical Spanish dance, which is a world apart from the introverted nature of flamenco, with its familiar roots of the earth. What ballet gives to both her traditions, is the physical strength of movement that seeks light and takes to the air. Perhaps, where these very different traditions flow within her blood we have the true creative force of Ms. Lugo’s work. Each tradition is like a river joining to form an even more powerful force with its own life. During a rehearsal in preparation for Brisas appearance with the Eagles, Clint Black, and Bruce Hornsby at the benefit concert for Tony La Russa’s Animal Rescue Foundation, Carolina explained her intense passion for dance. When a dancer is on stage, it goes without saying, they must be one with the music. Without this connection to the music, movement, and yourself, a dancer is only counting steps and performing routines. The heart of the dancer’s work is to embrace the audience with the depth of our lives and the fiery sensuality of dancing. The magic of performing is for the dancers and the audience to experience our fierce pride, love, happiness and tears. The art of Flamenco is the completeness of being, which the Gypsies of

Spain refer to as "duende", the possession of the sole. This quality, when it present, casts a spell over the audience and everyone becomes involved.

The gift of the modern age is that with the speed of travel and communications we are able to emerge in the changes of the world’s cultures. Intemational artist Manuel Manolo Betanzos will be returning from a world tour for a month of performances and dance workshops with the company. Carolina believes that Manolo’s fused style of dance makes him one of Spain’s best dancers. He was trained in the earthy traditions of flamenco and the elegance of classical Spanish dance by many of the greatest maestros in Spain. His commanding presence on stage last summer earned him the admiration of local dance fans. Pepe Haro also from Spain will join the company as guest guitarist. His playing and musical arrangements bring power to every chord, shading and singing melodic line and above all, a rich rhythmic pulse.

Exploring the emotions and feelings of flamenco has been a profound journey for Carolina. She was recently awarded a grand from the Diablo Regional Arts Association to further her own exploration of dance fusion and will collaborate for this year’s performance with Brazilian Samba Queen, Katia Vaz. Carolina will present the World Premier of Dance Without Borders (Bailes Sin Fronteras). She promises that this work will be a moment, when dance speaks the unspoken and no language is required, only the passion to dance free of limitations. Both Spanish and Brazilian music and dance are diverse and represent a vast m lange of cultural similarities and differences. The emotions of life are the fundamental pieces of both dance traditions. Carofina and Katia, will be joined by Carolina Acea, daughter of Carolina an American original whose style has been influenced by both traditions. The music will be sung both in Spanish and Portuguese by Roberto Zamora and Patricia Velasquez. Carolina explains that the artistic essence of both Flamenco and Samba is their expression of a gamut of feelings about life, embodied with an attitude.

Which of the following is true of Flamenco and Samba ().

A. They are both of the same origin.

B. Both dances are centered on the emotional life of ordinary people.

C. Both dances share similar cultural origins.

D. They may merge into each other easily.