问题 问答题 简答题

座标位移的误差是怎样产生的?

答案

参考答案:

单轴直线度,XY垂直度和系统回差是造成误差的主要原因。

快走丝线切割机,都没实现闭环控制,机械传动系统的回差已成为整机精度的最重要的指标,回差大体来自如下5个方面。

1、齿轮间隙,主要是步进电机与丝杠间的传动齿轮。

2连接键的间隙,特别是丝杠上的大齿轮,点滴的间隙在回差上的反应都是不可忽视的。电机轴键间隙的影响不仅有回差,还拌有噪音。

3、丝杠与丝母间的间隙,出厂后丝杠付的轴向传动间隙通常在0.003以下,质差的产品则不太有保证。

4、丝杠轴承间隙,这个间隙是靠轴承的内外环的轴向调整消除的,但如果轴承质量低劣,会在消除间隙后转动极不灵活,一旦转动轻快了就又有间隙了,所以该处的轴承是不可马虎的。

5、力矩传递的整体刚性较差,造成柔弱部位的挠性变形使运动变得迟钝滞后,也以间隙的方式体现出来。

以上5个方面,共同造成了系统回差,实际加工中,即使是最简单的封闭图形,也至少有两次排除回差,所以实际加工精度一般在不可消除的回差的两倍左右。如果系统回差是0.006,那么加工精度在0.012是有可能的。

两轴的垂直度和各轴的直线度是造成位移失真失准另一主要原因。位移失真失准就是误差。只是这个误差的量是随机的,难以估算的。

阅读理解

阅读理解

    On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon(气球).They started early in London. The

headman was Auguste Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a

big balloon and they were ready for a long way.

   Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope(绳子),and it was hanging down

from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold

water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight(重量).It was for use over the

sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.

   After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metes, and the air was very cold.

The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow

on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the

icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they

had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.

   At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from

the snow. They rose to 5,100 metes! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to

land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had traveled 1,797 kilometers from London!

1.Three men flew in balloon ________.

A. for nearly 1,800 kilometers              

B. to another city

C. to visit Poland                        

D. more than a century ago

2.The metal box was used for ________.

A. carrying the bags of sand' '              

B. keeping drinking-water

C. carrying ropes of the basket            

D. changing weight

3.When the balloon went up higher,________.

A. the temperature of the balloon began to fall        

B. They saw the sun go down

C. They made a hole in the basket with their knives

D. They could see a black hole on the ground

4.The balloon landed ________.

A. in London    

B. on the sea    

C. on a lake    

D. in a foreign country

5.Which of the following is NOT true ________

A  The three men started their journey before the sun rose.

B.  The balloon began to go up when they threw bags of sand out of the basket.

C.  When they pulled the box into the basket, the balloon began to climb up.

D.  The three men had to land because they felt cold.

单项选择题