问题 实验题

校兴趣小组对碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的性质进行进一步研究,请你参与并完成相关问题。

【资料查阅】 1.20℃时,碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠的溶解度分别为21.3g和9.6g 2.碳酸氢钠在270℃时会分解生成碳酸钠、水和二氧化碳,而碳酸钠受热不易分解。

【实验探究】

〖实验一〗比较两种物质的溶解性 20℃时,取2只烧杯,均加入50g水,分别加入5g碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠,充分搅拌后静置,则观察到的现象是:_________________________________________________。

〖实验二〗比较两种物质的酸碱性取2只试管,分别取实验一中的少量碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠溶液,滴加紫色石蕊试液,均显___色,说明溶液都是碱性的。要比较二者的碱性强弱,可以分别测溶液的______。

〖实验三〗比较两种物质的热稳定性设计如图装置:小试管套装在带有支管的大试管中,整套装置气密性好,其他装置略去。

(1)为确保安全,实验结束时,在熄灭酒精灯前必须完成的操作是把____________________________。

(2)现象与结论:装有碳酸氢钠的试管口生成较多的无色小液滴;试管A 和试管B中澄清石灰水只有______(填“A”或“B”)中变浑浊,该反应的化学反应方程式为_____________________________________________________。结论:在受热条件下,碳酸钠比碳酸氢钠稳定。

(3)反思与讨论:加热大试管时,碳酸钠的受热温度会高于碳酸氢钠.这能否准确地说明“在受热条件下,碳酸钠比碳酸氢钠稳定”这一结论?___(填“能”或“否”),理由是_________。

〖实验四〗比较与盐酸反应生成相同体积二氧化碳气体的快慢取碳酸氢钠a克放入如图Ⅰ装置的锥形瓶中,取碳酸钠b克放入另一相同装置的锥形瓶中,分别加入相同质量、相同浓度的盐酸(足量)。相同的条件下,分别通过图Ⅱ装置测量出生成气体的体积,经过转换处理,得到时间-质量关系曲线如图Ⅲ所示.

(1)已知二氧化碳不溶于该油层,图Ⅱ装置中油层的作用是_______________________

(2)数据分析:根据图Ⅲ数据,计算a和b的质量_________  ;_________。     

(3)结论:在相同的条件下,生成相同体积的二氧化碳,____________________。

(4)反思与讨论:实验中“取碳酸氢钠a克、碳酸钠b克”的目的是____________。  

答案

〖实验一〗碳酸钠完全溶解,碳酸氢钠部分溶解

〖实验二〗蓝 ; pH

〖实验三〗(1)把A、B试管中的导管移出液面

(2)A    ;CO2 +Ca(OH)2=== CaCO3↓+H2O

(3)能;碳酸钠受热的温度更高却没分解,说明受热条件下碳酸钠比碳酸氢钠稳定

〖实验四〗(1)防止部分的二氧化碳溶于水,造成实验误差

(2)8.4g  ;10.6g

(3)碳酸氢钠与盐酸反应比碳酸钠与盐酸反应快

(4)生成相同体积的二氧化碳

阅读理解

There was great interest when a big hole mysteriously appeared in the middle of a field. Engineers were called in to explain how it had got there. They offered various explanations but were not at all sure how the hole had been caused, it was thought that a large bomb which came suddenly exploded, but it was not possible to prove this. A simple, but highly improbable explanation was offered by a man who declares to know well about “flying saucers”; the strange objects which are round in shape and are said to visit the earth from outer space. The man’s explanation may have been nonsense (胡说八道), but at least it was imaginative. At any rate, it was far more interesting than the one given by the army.

After examining the ground carefully the man declared to have seen special marks on the soil quite near the hole, these, he said, could only have been caused by a flying saucer. Moreover the leaves on some bushes nearby had turned yellow because of a strange hot gas which had come from the saucer just before it landed. Even a small tree some way off appeared to have been burnt slightly. A small piece of metal found in the hole itself gave further proof that a strange object had been there. According to the man, it was quite clear that people from another world had been going around the earth trying to pick up information, when something had gone wrong. Because of this they had been forced to land in a field so that the damage could be repaired. The hole had been caused when the saucer struck the earth, while the strange marks nearby were made when it took off again. This, said the man, was the simplest explanation of how the hole had appeared. Judging from the interest the public took in the matter, there must be quite a few people who secretly believe or hope that this simple explanation is the true one.

小题1:What aroused public interest?

A.A mysterious hole in a field.

B.Various explanations offered by experts.

C.A simple explanation given by a man.

D.The shape of the flying saucers.小题2:The author thought the man’s explanation was________. 

A.boring but imaginative

B.reasonable and interesting

C.meaningless but interesting

D.mysterious and unbelievable小题3:The man found a lot of proofs except ____. 

A.special marks on soil near the hole

B.yellow leaves on some bushes nearby

C.a small piece of meal in the hole

D.the remains of the flying saucer小题4:It’s said the outer-space people were circling the earth _______.

A.to repair their saucer

B.to strike the earth

C.to. collect information

D.to make strange marks

填空题