问题 问答题

粗盐提纯的研究.

【有关资料】

化学式CaCO3CaSO3CaC2O4Mg(OH)2
Ksp4.96×10-94.96×10-92.34×10-95.61×10-12
某研究性学习小组对粗盐的提纯和检验进行研究,并提出一些新的方案.已知该粗盐样品中主要含有不溶性杂质、Mg2+、Ca2+等(忽略SO42-的存在),该小组设计流程如下:

【设计除杂过程】

(1)操作①中需要使用的玻璃仪器有______、______.操作②的名称为______,若在操作②结束后发现溶液B略有浑浊,应采取的措施是______.

(2)混合液A的主要成分是______.(填化学式)

【检验除杂效果】

(3)为检验溶液B中Mg2+、Ca2+是否除尽,通常分别取少量溶液B于两支试管中,进行如下实验:

步骤一:检验Mg2+是否除尽.向其中一支试管中加入______溶液(填化学式),看是否有沉淀生成.

步骤二:检验Ca2+是否除尽.向另一支试管中加入某溶液,看是否有沉淀生成.效果最好的是______(填字母).

A、Na2CO3       B、Na2SO3        C、Na2C2O4

【获取纯净食盐】

(4)对溶液B加热并不断滴加6mol•L-1的盐酸溶液,同时用pH试纸检测溶液,直至pH=5时停止加盐酸,得到溶液C.该操作的目的是______.

(5)将溶液C倒入______(填仪器名称)中,加热蒸发并用玻璃棒不断搅拌,直到______时(填现象),停止加热.

【问题讨论】

(6)在除杂过程中,向粗盐悬浊液中加混合液A时需要加热,目的是______,该操作中控制溶液pH=12可确保Mg2+除尽,根据提供的数据计算,溶液B中Mg2+物质的量浓度将被控制在______以下.

答案

(1)溶解固体物质时,烧杯用来溶解物质,需要玻璃棒不断地搅拌,分离固体和液体要用过滤操作,如果过滤后的溶液仍略有浑浊,需更换过滤器,再过滤,故答案为:烧杯和玻璃棒;过滤;换过滤器并重新进行过滤操作;

(2)除去粗盐样品中的Mg2+、Ca2+杂质,要用NaOH、Na2CO3,故答案为:NaOH、Na2CO3

(3)镁离子与强碱反应生成沉淀,可以用氢氧化钠检验镁离子,根据沉淀的溶度积数值的大小,数值越小,说明将钙离子沉淀需要的溶液的浓度越小,故效果最好的是草酸钠溶液,故答案为:NaOH;C; 

(4)加热并不断滴加6mol•L-1的盐酸溶液,可以将溶液中多余的氢氧化钠和碳酸钠除去,故答案为:除去NaOH和Na2CO3

(5)溶液的蒸发结晶在蒸发皿中进行,蒸发皿中有大量固体析出时,即停止加热,否则会把物质烧焦,故答案为:蒸发皿;蒸发皿中有大量固体析出;

(6)加热能加快沉淀生成,根据氢氧化镁的Ksp=[Mg2+][OH-]2,所以[Mg2+]=

Ksp
[OH-]2
=
5.61×10-12
(10-2)2
=5.61×10-8( mol•L-1),故答案为:加快沉淀生成;5.61×10-8mol•L-1

阅读理解

Dear Donna,
Help! I’m a 15—year—old high school student in New York, In eight months, I’m going to take an entrance exam. To prepare, I’m studying six hours a day. I want to do well, but I’m really stressed(焦虑不安的) these days. I can’t sleep. What can I do?
Yours,
Mary
Dear Mary,
Many students around the world have the same problems as you. Here is some advice to help you deal with the street. Good luck!
1.Make a study plan for yourself, but don’t study too much in one day. You remember more by studying one hour each day for six days, than six hours in one day. Also, don’t study late at night.
2.Have a rest for 15 to 20 minutes every two hours. Go outside and walk. Doing exercise is a great way to reduce stress.
3.Don’t eat for drink a lot of sugar or drink a lot of coffee. Eat food high in vitamin(维生素) B (for example, eggs, milk, green vegetable and rice). These give you energy and help you think more clearly.
4.A student partner can help you practice for the test. When you’re worried about the exam, you can talk to your partner. This can reduce stress, too.
Yours,
Donna
根据表格内容,选择正确的答案。
小题1:What is Mary’s problem?
A.She is so worried and can’t sleepB.She can’t pass the exam
C.She can’t communicate with othersD.She can’t study English well
小题2:Donna thinks Mary’s problem is _________
A.greatB.commonC.wonderfulD.serious
小题3:The underlined word “reduce” in the passage probably means __________
A.减少B.排除C.加强D.增加
小题4:Donna thinks that ________ can help Mary think more clearly.
A.eating a lot of sugarB.studying six hours every day
C.drinking a lot of coffeeD.eating foods high in vitamin B
小题5:Which of the following is TRUE according to Donna’s letter?
A.The best time to study is from 10p.m to 1 a. m
B.Walking outside can make you remember more
C.It’s good to tell a study partner about your feeling.
D.It’s necessary to have a rest for 15 to 20 minutes an hour
单项选择题