His efforts to raise money for his program were _____ because no one showed any intention to

take a cent out of their pockets.  [ ]

A. in place  

B. in sight  

C. in effect    

D. in vain

从高出地面3m的位置A，竖直向上抛出一个小球，从位置A上升5m后回落，最后到达地面。方向以向上为正，全过程的总位移为        m。