（8分）某校化学兴趣小组就空气中氧气的含量进行实验探究：

【集体设计】

化学兴趣小组的同学经过研究讨论后，采用燃烧方法除去氧气后，测定剩余气体的体积。但首先需要解决两个实际问题：

（1）要能确保消耗其中的氧气，使气体的体积减小，选择什么样的药品就显得很重要。他们应该选择下列物质中的（填编号）______________ 。

A．蜡烛           B．红磷           C．硫粉          D．木炭

（2）药品的取用量也有相应要求。你认为取用量应达到什么要求?______ _______。

【设计实验】

第一小组同学共同设计了如下图的A、B两套装置。

（3）你认为合理的是（填编号）____________。

（4）为了确保实验的成功，在装药品之前应该先检查____________________。

（5）集气瓶中所选择物质燃烧反应的反应表达式是_______________________。

【改进实验】

第二小组同学查阅资料得知：白磷不溶于水，露置在空气中容易发生缓慢氧化而引起自燃，而燃烧产生的五氧化二磷会刺激人的呼吸道。于是他们将试管的容积分成五等份，做好标记（如图C）。在试管中加入一小块（足量）白磷，迅速用橡皮塞塞紧试管口，将试管放入热水中，使白磷燃烧。待白磷熄灭并冷却到室温后，再将试管倒立于盛有水的水槽中，并在水中将橡皮塞取下。

（6）此装置的优点是（任写两点）

①________________________________；②______________________________。

（7）小组A同学用镊子从容器中取出白磷后，准备在滤纸上切割时，B同学立刻阻止了他，指出他的操作不正确，请分析原因_____________________________________。

阅读下面文章，根据要求回答下列问题。

                                                          What causes an earthquake?

     An earthquake is caused by rocks moving underground. The surface of the earth is made up of about 20

huge plates. The plates are thousands of miles wide and many miles thick. Like turtles with their shells, they

carry oceans and continents right on their backs.

     All the earth's plates are constantly in motion, although they move very slowly, maybe an inch a year. They

push each other, trying to slip under or over each other, or to slide past one another. Earthquakes often happen

when two plates come together. Along the plates where the plates meet, there is a kind of crack in the earth's

surface called a fault. The most famous fault in the United States is the San Andreas Fault, which runs 600 miles

through California and is more than 30 million years old.

     An earthquake happens along a fault where two plates rub together while moving in different directions. The

earth shakes and shivers and vibrates like a rubber band that's been snapped. Those vibrations are picked up by

an instrument which enables experts to figure out where the earthquake occurs and how strong it is. Scientists

measure an earthquake's strength by what they have named the Richter Scale. The Scale runs from zero to nine,

with nine being the most powerful. Sometimes an earthquake occurs so far below the surface, we can hardly

feel it on top. Sometimes an earthquake is so strong that it has more power than a nuclear explosion. An

earthquake can last five seconds or up to ten minutes and create enough heat to melt any rock.

(Help: 1. plate n.板块 2. turtle n.海龟 3. shell n.壳 4. constantly adv.不断地 5. occur v.发生

         6. rub v. 摩擦 7. vibrate v. 振动 8. figure out计算出 9. measure v. 测量 10. melt v. 熔化)

根据文章内容判断下列句子的对(T)与错(F)。

( )1. An earthquake is caused by rocks moving underground.

( )2. All the earth's plates are constantly in motion, and they move very fast.

( )3. The most famous fault in the United States is the San Andreas Fault, which runs 600 miles through

           California.

( )4. The Scale runs from zero to nine, with zero being the most powerful.

根据文章内容，回答下列问题。

5. When can an earthquake occur according to the passage?

    ____________________________________________________________________________

6. How strong can an earthquake sometimes be? 

    ____________________________________________________________________________

7. What is your feeling if an earthquake occurs far below the surface of the earth? 

    ____________________________________________________________________________