问题 问答题

有观点认为,中国非营利组织NGO正处于“婴儿期”,处境很艰难。请试着分析此种观点的合理性。
要求:条理清晰、概括简练,字数不超过300字。

答案

参考答案:该观点说的其实是我国NGO受到来自体制内外的多重制约,生存和发展存在着困难,具体包括:
首先,影响力不够。我国NGO对社会和政府的制约作用非常有限,在众多公共领域中,只有在环保领域得到较好的彰显。
其次,注册登记难。我国NGO的身份九成处于“非法状态”,有的只能登记为企业,有的则因难以找到可挂靠的主管单位,无法得到注册最终成为黑户。
第三,资金问题。我国很多NGO普遍存在资金短缺的问题,这既受到“不明确身份”的影响,也因筹资渠道单一而难以为继;其中,有资金来源的很多NGO也因募款的来源和去向不明而遭到质疑。
第四,组织结构缺失。我国很多NGO没有以长远的眼光思考机构的发展,内部没有科学合理的管理机制,创新更无从说起。

完形填空

Unhappy people glue(使粘牢) themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy people.

The finding, announced on Thursday,   1  from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults conducted between 1975 and 2006 as part of the General Social Survey.

  2  happy people reported watching an   3  of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results held even after   4  into account education, income, age and marital status.

In addition, happy individuals were more socially   5 , attended more religious services, voted more and    6 a newspaper more often than their less-chipper(没有精神的) counterparts.

The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness   7 more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.

In fact, people say they like watching television: Past research has shown that when people watch television they   8   it. In these studies, participants reported that on a   9 from 0 (dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.

But perhaps the high from watching television doesn't  10  .

"These conflicting data  11  that TV may provide viewers with short-run   12 , but at the expense of long-term malaise(精神欠爽)," said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.

In this case, even the happiest campers could turn into Debbie-downers if they continue to   13 at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing 14  push out other activities that do have more lasting   15 . Exercise and sex come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.

Or, maybe television is simply a refuge(慰藉物) for people who are already  16 .

"TV is not judgmental 17 difficult, so people with  18 social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it," Robinson and UM colleague Steven Martin write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.

They add, "  19  , chronic unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitating(使人衰弱的) and can interfere with work and most social and personal activities, but even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively   20 by a TV."

The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to tease out the relationship between television and happiness.

(    ) 1. A. comes                B. arrives              C. differs              D. results

(    ) 2. A. When                 B. As                    C. While               D. Therefore

(    ) 3. A. average              B. amount             C. number            D. effort

(    ) 4. A. speaking             B. talking             C. taking              D. getting

(    ) 5. A. active                 B. positive            C. crazy                D. cozy

(    ) 6. A. look                   B. read                 C. see                   D. take

(    ) 7. A. builds up            B. cuts down         C. leads to            D. tends to

(    ) 8. A. hate                   B. enjoy                      C. adopt                      D. adapt

(    ) 9. A. fashion                      B. group               C. scale                D. rate

(    ) 10. A. last                   B. decrease           C. widen               D. disappear

(    ) 11. A. report                      B. suggest             C. improve           D. admit

(    ) 12. A. excitement               B. pleasure            C. suffering          D. sadness

(    ) 13. A. glare                B. look                 C. stare                 D. fix

(    ) 14. A. should              B. must                C. could                      D. need

(    ) 15. A. comforts           B. laughter         C. pressures          D. benefits

(    ) 16. A. tired                 B. lonely              C. bored                      D. unhappy

(    ) 17. A. and                  B. neither             C. nor                  D. but

(    ) 18. A. few                  B. little                 C. many                     D. quantity

(    ) 19. A. Therefore          B. Furthermore     C. However          D. Yet

(    ) 20. A. controlled         B. transformed      C. persuaded         D. entertained

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