问题 单项选择题

OSPF协议使用(55)报文来保持与其邻居的连接。下面关于OSPF拓扑数据库的描述中,正确的是(56)。

56()

A.每一个路由器都包含了拓扑数据库的所有选项

B.在同一区域中的所有路由器包含同样的拓扑数据库

C.使用Dijkstra算法来生成拓扑数据库

D.使用LSA分组来更新和维护拓扑数据库

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

0SPF是一种链路状态协议,用于在自治系统内部的路由器之间交换路由信息。OSPF路由器根据收集到的链路状态信息构造网络拓扑结构图,使用Dijkstra最短通路优先算法(SPF)计算到达各个目标的最佳路由。 下表列出了0SPF协议的5种报文,这些报文通过TCP连接传送。0SPF路由器启动后以固定的时间间隔泛洪传播Hello报文,采用目标地址224.0.0.5代表所有的0SPF路由器。在点对点网络上每10s发送一次,在NBMA网络中每30s发送一次。管理Hello报文交换的规则称为Hello协议。Hello协议用于发现邻居,建立毗邻关系,还用于选举区域内的指定路由器DR和备份指定路由器BDR。

 OSPF路由器之间通过链路状态公告(Link State Advertisment,LSA)交换网络拓扑信息。LSA中包含连接的接口、链路的度量值(Metric)等信息。 在多区域网络中,0SPF路由器可以按不同的功能划分为以下4种: ①内部路由器。所有接口在同一区域内的路由器,只维护一个链路状态数据库。 ②主干路由器。具有连接主干区域接口的路由器。 ③区域边界路由器(ABR)。连接多个区域的路由器,一般作为一个区域的出口。ABR为每一个连接的区域建立一个链路状态数据库,负责将所连接区域的路由摘要信息发送到主干区域,而主干区域上的ABR则负责将这些信息发送给各个区域。 ④自治系统边界路由器(ASBR)。至少拥有一个连接外部自治系统接口的路由器,负责将外部非OSPF网络的路由信息传入OSPF网络。 在正常情况下,区域内的路由器与本区域的DR和BDR通过互相发送数据库描述报文(DBD)交换链路状态信息。路由器把收到的链路状态信息与自己的链路状态数据库进行比较,如果发现接收到了不在本地数据库中的链路信息,则向其邻居发送链路状态请求报文LSR,要求传送有关该链路的完整更新信息。接收到LSR的路由器用链路状态更新LSU报文响应,其中包含了有关的链路状态通告LSA。LSAck用于对LSU进行确认。 根据以上说明,并不是每个路由器都包含了拓扑数据库的所有选项,在同一区域中的路由器包含的拓扑数据库也不一定完全相同。

单项选择题
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