问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成1~3题。

享受生命

梁衡

  ①“享受”这个词,在很长一段时间和大部分时候是被当做贬义词来用的。随着年纪增长,阅历增多,才知道这种理解未免狭窄。生命是博大丰富的,可享受的东西无穷之多;生命又是短暂的,许多有意义的东西稍纵即逝。我们对享受的理解,既不该狭窄,更不该冷漠。

  ②当然,那种剥削、占有、挥霍式的享受,是最低级而不入流的。我们这里讨论的是全面的享受,它实际上是对生命的认识、开发和利用。要达此点,先得有两个条件。

  ③一是勇气。勇气就是古人所说的“舍我其谁”,鲁迅所做的直面人生,流行歌曲所唱的“潇洒走一回”“痛快活一场”。对生命没有信心、没有勇气的人,不热爱生活的人,是不可能享受到生命之果的。望高峰而却步,就看不到极顶的风光;将出海而收帆,就体会不到惊涛骇浪。

  ④二是创造。可以说,你有多少创造,就有多少享受。马克思、哥白尼、牛顿、爱因斯坦都分别创造了一个新学说,并因这个新学说开辟了一片新领域、一个新世界。因此,他们生命中就有了一种特别的滋味,就多了一份特殊的享受。我们这些常人是无论如何都难以看到的。

  ⑤如此说来,“享受生命”这句话又是多么沉重,就像“我要登上珠穆朗玛峰”,不是随便哪个人都敢开口说出的。达尔文、爱迪生等人完成伟大发现时,都说过类似的话:现在生与死都已无所谓了。因为他们都已享受到了生命中最成功、最华彩的段落。就是那些壮志未酬、行将赴死的勇士,如文天祥、林觉民等人,也是一种对生命成功的享受。当常人将父母给予的血肉之躯用来做衣食之享时,他们将生命的炸弹做最后一掷,爆出无限的光热,通过凤凰涅榘,得到了永生。他们不但生时享受事业之乐、理想之乐,身后还永享历史之功和人格之尊。

  ⑥追求物质和精神的自由,或日两个文明,是人类生存奋斗的最基本目标。我们不是苦行僧,我们的许多劳动、斗争和牺牲,就是为了能在行动之后享受这幸福的结果。人生之中从最基本的吃饭穿衣,到无尽的物质和精神享受,这是一个多大的库藏,多么宽广的领域,你一方面可以最大限度地去开发、创造和丰富,另一方面又可以尽情地去利用、索取和享受。一个真正懂得享受生命的人,不但将造物者给他的一切都能尽情享受个够,他还进一步享受着自己的创造,更还有少数杰出人物又能跨越时空永享历史的光荣。

  ⑦但是请别忘记,造物者同时又制定了一条铁的规律,生命只有一次,并且时间有限。所以我们对生命的享受不会从容,也不会没完没了。生命是一根甘蔗,甜甜的,吃一口就少一节。让我们好好地珍惜它,细细地品味它,尽情地享受它。(摘自《经典美文》2008年10期,有删改)

1.作者认为,全面地享受生命实际上是____________,要达到这一目的,就要具备________和________两个条件。

2.在第⑤自然段中,作者为什么说“‘享受生命’这句话又是多么沉重”?

_____________________________________________________________

3.第⑥自然段说:“更还有少数杰出人物又能跨越时空永享历史的光荣。”你能举出一个例子并略作分析来论证这个观点吗?

_____________________________________________________________

答案

1.对生命的认识、开发和利用 勇气 创造

2.因为享受生命离不开勇气和创造。要得到最大的享受,就要付出最大的劳动、斗争甚至牺牲。这样就会取得成功,实现人生的意义和价值。(意对即可)

3.(示例)布鲁诺坚持真理,蔑视神权。虽被处以极刑,但他的精神被后人推崇,他的人格被世人颂扬。(不设统一答案)

选择题
阅读理解

Your peers are people your age or close to it who have experiences and interests similar to yours. You and your friends make dozens of decisions every day, and you influence each other’s choices and behavior. This is often ________ --- it’s human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group.

Sometimes, though, the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you’re uncomfortable with, such as shoplifting, doing drugs or drinking, or taking dangerous risks when driving a car.

The pressure to conform(随潮流) can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it. Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless--- or something that has more serious consequences.

People may feel pressure to conform, so they fit in or are accepted, or so they don’t feel awkward or uncomfortable. When people are unsure of what to do in a social situation, they naturally look to others for cues(暗示)about what is and isn’t acceptable.

The people who are most easily influenced will follow someone else’s lead first. Then others may go along, too --- so it can be easy to think, “It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they’re doing.” Before you know it, many people are going along with the crowd --- perhaps on something they might not otherwise do.

Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature --- but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground.

It’s not always easy to resist negative peer pressure. But when you do, it is easy to feel good about it afterwards. And you may even be a positive influence on your peers who feel the same way --- often it just takes one person to speak out or take a different action to change a situation.

小题1:Which of the following is a kind of peer pressure?

A.Your teachers give you a lot of homework.

B.Your parents expect high scores from you.

C.Your classmates persuade you to cut class.

D.Your relatives invite you to attend a party.小题2:Which is most likely to be filled in the blank in Paragraph 1?

A.negative

B.impossible

C.positive

D.uncertain小题3:Most people tend to do what others are doing in order to _________.

A.feel a sense of achievement

B.get a feeling of being accepted

C.set a good example for others

D.stand out in a crowd小题4:What can we know according to the author?

A.Giving in to peer pressure is unavoidable.

B.Peer pressure usually leads to serious results.

C.Going along with the crowd usually means making a right choice.

D.Everyone can make a difference by resisting negative peer pressure.小题5:This passage is mainly about _______.

A.thoughts on peer pressure

B.different types of peer pressure

C.ways to deal with peer pressure

D.the influence of peer pressure on people