问题 问答题

试分析教学过程的基本规律。

答案

参考答案:(一)直接经验与间接经验相结合(1)学生认识的主要任务是学习间接经验(2)学生学习间接经验要以直接经验为基础。 (二)掌握知识与发展智力相结合:对于掌握知识和发展智力的关系问题,争论:其中最典型的是形式教育论和实质教育论之争。形式教育论代表人物是英国教育家洛克和瑞士裴斯泰洛齐,形式教育论认为:教学的主要任务在于通过开设希腊文、拉丁文、逻辑、文法和数学等学科发展学生的智力,至于学科内容的实用意义则是无关紧要的。实质教育论的代表人物是德国的赫尔巴特和英国的斯宾塞,认为教育的主要任务在于传授给学生对生活有用的知识,至于学生的智力则无须进行特别的培养和训练。进入20世纪以来,两种争论趋于缓和,两种观点逐渐走向融合。实际上,掌握知识与发展智力相互依存,相互促进,两者统一于一般教学活动中。(1)掌握知识是发展智力的基础。(2)智力发展是掌握知识的重要条件。 (三)掌握知识与形成思想品德相结合。最早明确阐述二者之间辩证关系的教育家是赫尔巴特。他提出了“教学的教育性”观点,认为世界上不存在“无教学的教育”,也不存在“无教育的教学”。(1)学生思想品德的形成以掌握知识为基础。(2)学生思想品德的提高又推动他们积极地学习知识。 (四)教师主导作用与学生主动作用相结合。教与学是辩证统一的,主要表现在:1、教师在教学中具有主导作用。表现在:第一、教师主导着学生学习的方向、内容、进程、结果和质量,起引导、规范、评价和纠正的作用。第二、教师影响着学生学习方式以及学生学习主动性、积极性的发挥;第三、教师影响着学生的个性以及人生观、世界观的形成。2、学生具有主动作用。具体表现在:第一、受学生本人兴趣、需要、情感、意志和价值观的影响,学生对外部信息的选择具有能动性、自觉性。第二、受学生原有的知识经验、思维方式、能力水平等制约,学生对外部信息进行内部加工具有独立性、创造性。

单项选择题

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特定) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value.
For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own news paper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

A modem newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its ______.

A. wide coverage



B. uniform style
C. speed in reporting news


D. popularity

填空题