问题 单项选择题

计算机的用途不同,对其部件的性能指标要求也有所不同。以科学计算为主的计算机,对()要求较高,而且应该重点考虑()。

而且应该重点考虑()

A.CPU的主频和字长,以及内存容量

B.硬盘读写速度和字长

C.CPU的主频和显示分辨率

D.硬盘读写速度和显示分辨率

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

计算机的用途不同,对其不同部件的性能指标要求也有所不同。用作科学计算为主的计算机,其对主机的运算速度要求很高;用作大型数据库处理为主的计算机,其对主机的内存容量、存取速度和外存储器的读写速度要求较高;对于用作网络传输的计算机,则要求有很高的I/O速度,因此应当有高速的I/O总线和相应的I/O接口。

计算机的运算速度常用每秒钟执行的指令数来衡量,单位为每秒百万条指令(MIPS)或者每秒百万条浮点指令(MFPOPS)。影响运算速度的主要有如下几个因素:

①CPU的主频。指计算机的时钟频率。它在很大程度上决定了计算机的运算速度。例如,Intel公司的CPU主频最高已达3.20GHz以上,AMD公司的可达400MHz以上。

②字长。CPU进行运算和数据处理的最基本、最有效的信息位长度。PC的字长已由8088的准16位(运算用16位,I/O用8位)发展到现在的32位、64位。

③指令系统的合理性。每种机器都设计了一套指令,一般均有数十条到上百条,例如,加、浮点加、逻辑与、跳转等等,组成了指令系统。

多项选择题
阅读理解
任务型阅读。请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
                                            Adventure Travel
    Why do people travel? Well, many people travel because they want to see other countries
and visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful. People also travel to meet new
friends, to try new kinds of food, to experience life in other parts of the world or simply
to get away from cold weather. Yet there are other reasons why people travel. Many of
today's travelers are looking for an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming
more and more popular. Here is a quick look at two popular activities: hiking and rafting. 
                                        HIKING
    Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may
want to try hiking. Hiking is a great way to travel. You will get close to nature and take
exercise at the same time. Hiking is easy to do and doesn't have to be very expensive. You
can hike close to home or travel to other places. The basic equipment you need for hiking
is simple: good shoes, clothes and backpack. You can hike in the mountains, in a forest or
along a river. You can also go for a hike in the city.
    Hiking is fun and exciting, but you shouldn't forget safety. Here are some basic tips
for successful hiking: 
    ★ Hike with your friends. 
    ★ Tell someone where you are going. 
    ★ Bring water and good map. 
    ★ Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes or poisonous plants. 
    ★ Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun. 
    ★ Bring a cell phone if you have one.
                                        Rafting 
    Another exciting adventure is rafting. A raft is a small boat that you can use to
paddle (划桨) down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience nature. If you
want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen
trees or rocks. If you are looking for more excitement, you may want to try white-water
rafting. White-water rafting is more adventurous and difficult than normal rafting. It is
done on rivers and streams where the water moves quickly. You have to be careful not to
hit rocks, trees and other dangers. The name "white-water" comes from the fact the water
in these rivers and streams looks white when it moves quickly.
    As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes. You
also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to get in and out of the raft.
You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life
jacket.
                                                      People travel for various 1._____
Hiking                Rafting            
2. _____Close to nature
Take exercise.
Easy and 5. ______
Advantage 8. ______ nature
Things
3. _______
Good shoes, clothes
and a backpack
Something
needed
Life 9. ______
4. _____ tipsDon't hike 6. ______.
Tell someone where you are
going.
Look out 7. ______ dangers.
Wear a hat to protect yourself
from the sun.
Bring a cell phone.
Rafting skills How to 10. ______ the raft