问题 问答题

学习了同一直线的二力的合成知识后,小林想如果作用在物体上的二力不在同一直线上,而是互成一定的夹角,那么合力F的大小与两个分力F1、F2的大小,是否还有F等于F1+F2的关系呢?于是他应用教材中学过的方法,对此进行了探究.

(1)如图所示,橡皮筋原长为AB,通过两个弹簧测力计对橡皮筋施加互成一定夹角的两个力F1和F2,使橡皮筋伸长到C,记录此时F1、F2的大小.撤去力F1和F2后,用一个弹簧测力计对橡皮筋施加一个力F的作用,为了使这个力F的作用效果与那两个力F1、F2的作用效果______,应使橡皮筋______,记录此时F的大小.

(2)先后两次改变F1和F2的夹角,重复步骤(1),得到三次实验数据如表所示:

      物理量

实验序号

F1/NF2/NF1和F2的夹角合力F/N
145θ18.7
245θ28.3
345θ37.8
备注:θ1<θ2<θ3
分析实验数据可知,当两个力不在一条直线上时,其合力大小F______F1+F2,且在F1、F2大小不变的情况下,合力F的大小随着F1与F2夹角的增大而______.

答案

(1)因为探究合力F与分力F1、F2的大小,需要使合力F与分力F1、F2的作用效果相同,因此当两个互成角度的力作用在橡皮筋上时,橡皮筋伸长到C;当撤去这两个力后,用一个力作用在弹簧测力计时,橡皮筋仍然要伸长到C处,即合力F与分力F1、F2的作用效果相同.

(2)通过表中数据计算出F1、F2二力之和,即三次实验中F1和F2后的合力均为9N,而合力F随角度的增大合力为8.7N、8.3N和7.8N,显然F≠F1+F2,并且合力F的大小随着F1与F2夹角的增大而减小.

故答案为:(1)相同,仍然伸长到C;(2)不等于,减小.

单项选择题
完形填空
完形填空
     The friendship between us never fades. Mary Allen was my best friend-like a sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding, and so on.
     When I was 13, my family moved. Mary and I __1__in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special  __2__- like my wedding and Mary's. Soon we were __3__with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less. One day a card that I sent came back,__4__"Address Unknown." I had no idea how to __5__Mary.
     Over the years, I thought of Mary often. I wanted to __6__stories of my children and then grandchildren. I need to share my __7__when my brother and then my mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Mary could __8__.
     One day I was reading a newspaper __9__I notice a picture of a young woman who looked a lot like
Mary and whose last name was Wagman- Mary's married name. "There must be thousands of Wagmans,"
I thought,__10__I wrote to her anyway.
     She called as soon as she got my letter. "Mrs. Tobin!" she said excitedly, "Mary Allen Wagman is my
mother". Minutes later I heard a voice that I  __11__at once, even after 40 years. We laughed and cried
and asked about each other's__12__.
     Now the empty place in my heart is filled, and there is one thing that Mary and I know for sure: We
won't lose each other again!
( )1. A. got      
( )2. A. places    
( )3. A. comfortable
( )4. A. saying    
( )5. A. know      
( )6. A. share    
( )7. A. news      
( )8. A. stay      
( )9. A. when      
( )10. A. and      
( )11. A. realized
( )12. A. future  
B. kept    
B. occasions
B. careful
B. writing
B. stop    
B. speak  
B. sorrow  
B. hide    
B. while  
B. since  
B. received
B. progress
C. lost      
C. festivals
C. easy      
C. read      
C. find      
C. write    
C. stories  
C. fill      
C. if        
C. but      
C. contacted
C. lives    
D. fell      
D. things    
D. busy      
D. told      
D. help      
D. remember  
D. failure  
D. live      
D. though    
D. so        
D. recognized
D. weddings