问题 问答题 简答题

试比较麦格雷戈的x理论和y理论。

答案

参考答案:

x理论指

⑴人的本性是坏的,一般人都有好逸恶劳、尽可能逃避工作的特性;

⑵对于大多数人来说,仅用奖赏的方法不足以战胜其厌恶工作的倾向,必须进行强制、监督、指挥、并惩罚进行威胁,才能使他们付出足够的努力去完成给定的工作目标;

⑶一般人都胸无大志,通常满足于平平稳稳地完成工作,而不喜欢具有“压迫感”的创造性的工作。

y理论指

人并不是懒惰的,他们对工作的喜欢和憎恶取决于这工作对他是一种满足还是一种惩罚;在正常情况下人愿意承担责任;人们都热衷于发挥自己的才能和创造性。

对比x理论和y理论,可以看出,它们的差别在于对于工人的需要看法不同,因此采用的管理方法也不相同。按x理论来看待工人的需要,进行管理就要采取严格的控制、强制方式;按y理论来看待个人的需要,管理者就要创造一个能多方面满足工人需要的环境,使人们的智慧、能力得以充分的发挥,以更好地实现组织和个人的目标。

完形填空
How did I become known as a "rubbish picker '?  
I never   36   rubbish before.  I didn't care where it went or who cleaned it up.  But two years ago, I started caring about it deeply.  I lived near a forest in Ohio, America.  I can walk there    37   three minutes! I used to love going there to play with my dog.  One day there was   38   much rubbish there that I became very unhappy.  I decided to clean up the forest.  I want to   39   happy going there again. I made my first trip to clean the forest that afternoon.  I took a big black rubbish bag with me. Ten minutes    40   I started to pick up rubbish, my bag was full! From then on, I go to the forest four times a year   41   rubbish, it makes me feel   42  to do something for the environment. After each trip, I look at all the rubbish that I've found.  If   43   of it is recyclable, I keep it.  I will keep picking up 44---people stop dropping it.  I know I am only doing a small bit 45   the earth, but I think it is important.
小题1:
A.took careB.cared aboutC.cared forD.took care of
小题2:
A.afterB.forC.withD.in
小题3:
A.suchB.veryC.soD.many
小题4:
A.makeB.feelC.lookD.rind
小题5:
A.afterB.laterC.beforeD.of
小题6:
A.pickB.to pickC.to pick upD.pick up
小题7:
A.tiredB.sadC.interestingD.great
小题8:
A.manyB.fewC.someD.much
小题9:
A.untilB.afterC.as soon asD.when
小题10:
A.helpedB.to helpC.helpD.helping
问答题 简答题