问题 单项选择题

一般资料:求助者,女性,32岁,公司职员,大学本科

案例介绍:求助者在一家大型外企从事人力资源管理工作,收入较高,工作得心应手,没有量化的业绩指标压力。丈夫为某高校副教授,有一女儿3岁,健康活泼,家庭幸福。求助者对自己的生活却不满意,常常自问:“难道就这样过一辈子吗?”,但她自己也不知道该追求什么,为此很困惑,主动前来咨询。

下面是心理咨询师与求助者的咨询谈话:

心理咨询师:欢迎你来咨询,你需要解决哪些心理问题?

求助者:今天来就是请你帮助我弄清我到底哪里出问题了?

心理咨询师:要想弄清你的问题,可以先进行心理测验。

求助者:心理测验?我听说过,但没有做过,您能给我讲讲什么是心理测验吗?

心理咨询师:心理测验就像医院的各种化验一样,它能帮助弄清你的问题。

求助者:我能理解,当年我知道自己怀孕就是作了化验。

心理咨询师:对的,心理测验可准了,有什么问题都能测验出来。

求助者:好的,那我都做什么测验呀?

心理咨询师:根据你的情况,我觉得可以做EPQ、SCL-90、WAIS-RC、LES等等。

求助者:真不好意思,我不知道您说的是什么测验。

心理咨询师:这些都是心理测验,其实你知道不知道没有关系,你去做就是了。

求助者:好吧,做这些需要收钱吗?

心理咨询师:要收钱,不过没有多少钱,你是外企的,不会在意这点钱的。

求助者:好,我做完后给您看结果。

心理咨询师:不看,我也能估计到你的结果。

求助者:您不看了?能行吗?

心理咨询师:那就看一下吧,你放心,我都做了二十多年的咨询了,通过心理测验一定能搞清你的问题。

心理咨询师说:“它能帮助弄清你的问题”表明其对心理测验的理解是()。

A.夸大其作用

B.心理测验有助于诊断

C.缩小其作用

D.心理测验无助于诊断

答案

参考答案:B

单项选择题

Dogs are constantly learning from the reaction of human owners, picking up facial cues and anticipating their owner’s behavior, a new research suggests. The findings, published online in the journal Learning and Behavior, show that dogs essentially are always in training, and help explain how many owners unknowingly teach and reward their dog’s bad behavior.

Research conducted at the University of Florida focused on the role of eye contact and facial cues in influencing canine behavior. Earlier studies have suggested that dogs seem to know when they are being watched and even wait to perform forbidden behavior like digging in the garden when they know their owners aren’t looking. In this study, researchers studied how human cues triggered begging behavior among 35 pet dogs, 18 shelter dogs and 8 wolves raised in captivity. First the animals were taught that the human strangers helping with the experiment were reliable sources of tasty treats. The testers stood close together and called to the animal, and both offered rewards of Spam cubes or Beggin’ Strips treats.

After four rewards, the experiment began. Two testers stood against a fence or wall, about 20 feet apart and with food in their pockets. The dog was held about 20 feet away, equidistant from both testers. In one condition, one tester faced the dog while the other turned her back. In another, a tester held a book near her face, while the other tester held the book in front of her face, as if she were reading. In a third condition, one tester held a bucket near the shoulder, while the other put the bucket over her head, blocking her eyes.

Then, both testers called out to the dogs. All the animals—pet dogs, shelter dogs and wolves—ignored the person whose back was turned and sought food from the person who was looking at them. "The question was, are dogs and wolves responsive to a human’s attentional state" said Monique Udell, an assistant professor of psychology at Flagler College, Fla. But when the testers held books, it was only the domestic dogs who avoided the person who appeared to be reading the book. "In a house where they’re used to people reading books, they are sensitive to those types of cues," said Dr. Udell. Interestingly, in the bucket experiment, the animals, for the most part, were equally likely to seek food from the person with the bucket over her head as the person holding the bucket.

The experiment shows that dogs are tuned into whether humans are paying attention. "Dogs don’t have to read our minds. Dogs read our behavior," said Dr. Udell. Pet owners often get frustrated with bad dog behavior without realizing that they themselves have reinforced it, either by giving the dog a treat when they beg, skipping a bath when they protest or letting them sleep on the bed or couch.

The expression "are tuned into" probably means()

A. be ignorant of

B. be insensitive to

C. be responsive to

D. be oblivious to

单项选择题