问题 问答题

(09青岛)海水经过晒盐后得到粗盐和苦卤,重结晶后的食盐中还含有硫酸钠、氯化镁、氯化钙等可溶性杂质,他们在溶液中主要以SO42、Ca2+、Mg2+的形式存在,为将这些杂质离子除净,应加入过量的氯化钡、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠等物质将其转化为沉淀,过滤除去;再加入适量的盐酸,得到精盐水,最后经蒸发即得精盐。以下是某化工厂对海水进行综合利用的示意图:

(1)在苦卤制镁的过程中加入了石灰乳(主要成分是氢氧化钙),石灰乳是用生石灰制得的,请写出制取石灰乳的化学方程式_________________________________________。

(2)在制备精盐的过程中,氯化钡和碳酸钠溶液的添加顺序是否可以颠倒________,理由是_____________________________________________________________________;

(3)在利用粗盐制备精盐过程的第⑥步操作中,加入适量盐酸的目的是__________

____________________________________________________________________。

答案

(1)CaO + H2O ="=" Ca(OH)2

(2)不可以。碳酸钠作用是既除去Ca2+,又除去多余的氯化钡

(3)除去多余的氢氧化钠和碳酸钠

(1)氧化钙和水反应的化学方程式为:CaO+H2O═Ca(OH)2

(2)在制备精盐的过程中,由于加入的氯化钡和碳酸钠都是过量的,加入碳酸钠一方面是除去Ca2+,同时还除去多余的氯化钡.故填:不可以;碳酸钠作用是既除去Ca2+,又除去多余的氯化钡.

(3)在利用粗盐制备精盐过程的第⑥步操作中,加入适量盐酸的目的是除去多余的氢氧化钠和碳酸钠.故填:除去多余的氢氧化钠和碳酸钠.

完形填空

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Mr. Dawson was an old bad-tempered man, and everyone in town knew it. Kids knew not to go into his yard to pick apples, because old Dawson, they said, would come after you with his gun.

One Friday, 12-year-old Janet was walking out with her friend Amy. They had to  36  Daw-

son’s house, but as they got  37  , Janet saw him sitting on his front porch and suggested they cross over the street. Like most, she was  38  of the old man.

Amy said, “Don’t  39  .” When they got close enough, Dawson looked up with his  40  

frown (皱眉), but when he saw it was Amy, he gave a broad  41  .

Amy smiled back and told him that they were going to listen to music. Dawson told them that sounded  42  , and gave them each a(an)  43  .

Later, Janet asked Amy, “Everyone says he’s the  44  man in town.   45  he was so nice to us? ” she pretended he was wearing a(an)  48  smile, so she always smiled. It really took some time  49  he one day half-smiled back.

After a while, he started smiling a real smile and then  50  to her. She said he always  51 

Her an apple now, and was always very kind.

In our everyday life we are always very busy doing a lot of things and trying to accomplish so much. It’s so  52  to forget that we can bring  53  to ourselves and others. Giving a smile takes so little  54  , but few people are aware of that. Please do remember after a while most people can’t  55  our sunniness at all.

36.A.drop into                B.look at                    C.move into               D.go by

37.A.inside                     B.close                      C.outdoors                 D.away

38.A.scared                    B.ashamed                 C.proud                     D.fond

39.A.cry                         B.follow                    C.worry                     D.run

40.A.tired                       B.rare                        C.usual                      D.ugly

41.A.smile                      B.hug                        C.surprise                  D.greeting

42.A.strange                   B.special                    C.boring                    D.fun

43.A.ticket                            B.lesson                     C.apple                      D.address

44.A.meanest                  B.worst                      C.strongest                 D.loneliest

45.A.What if                  B.How come              C.What for                 D.How about

46.A.finally                    B.last                         C.sometimes               D.first

47.A.friendly                  B.cold                       C.violent                    D.charming

48.A.unbelievable           B.invisible                 C.false                       D.kind

49.A.until                       B.after                       C.before                    D.when

50.A.suggested                B.talked                     C.came                      D.explained

51.A.sold                       B.showed                   C.offered                   D.saved

52.A.challenging             B.easy                       C.useful                     D.reasonable

53.A.gifts                       B.memories                C.cheers                     D.rewards

54.A.interest                   B.bravery                   C.space                      D.effort

55.A.resist                      B.forget                     C.accept                     D.dislike

多项选择题