问题 实验题

人体必须每天摄入一定量的营养物质才能够健康地生活。下图是各种营养物质在人体内的变化过程,请据图回答问题:

(1)过程a代表        ,过程b代表         。完成a、b过程的主要器官是小肠,能在其内发挥作用的消化液有                           。

(2)c过程受某种物质的调节,此物质通过血液的运输对人体生理活动进行调节,这种调节属于          调节。若该物质分泌过少,在尿液中易出现             

(3)e过程中,由血浆→原尿→尿液要经过两个重要的过程,其中能形成原尿的过程是                          。若尿液中出现蛋白质和红细胞,则可能的病变部位

             

(4)过程d产生的CO2需经气体交换排出体外。人体内的气体交换包括两个过程,都是通过            实现的。

答案

(1)消化    吸收    肠液、胰液、胆汁    (2)激素     葡萄糖 

(3)肾小球的滤过作用     肾小球      (4)扩散作用(气体扩散)

分子大、结构复杂的有机物,进入消化系统后,转变成分子比较小、简单的、易溶于水的物质才能被人体吸收利用,这个过程叫做消化,营养物质由小肠绒毛壁的毛细血管进入血液的过程叫做吸收,小肠内的消化液有胆汁、胰液和肠液,激素由内分泌腺分泌后,进入血液参与物质循环调节人体的生命活动,能降低血糖的激素是胰岛素,胰岛素分泌少,会导致出现糖尿,经过肾小球的滤过作用后,蛋白质和血细胞不能透过,能透过肾小球的物质到达肾小囊中,叫做原尿,如果尿液中出现蛋白质和红细胞,则可能的病变部位是肾小球;气体能够交换是由于气体的扩散作用,气体从浓度大的地方向浓度小的地方扩散,直到两边浓度相等为止。

单项选择题
阅读理解

第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Having divorced (离婚) my dad, my mom had to move frequently in order to find a job that would provide her with enough money to support the big family. For three years, we lived in the town of Parkersburg. On the first Christmas there, my brothers and I had been well prepared for a holiday without presents. But we had a surprise on Christmas Eve.

At midnight, we were woken up by someone shouting at our front door, “Ho, ho, ho! Merry Christmas!” We jumped up and ran to the door to find no one there, but several boxes and bags! Not only were there gifts, which were our favorite, but there were also clothes and food. Each of us kids, as well as Mom, had gifts with our names on them. And the clothes all fit us!

Another year went by and on Christmas Eve, we again got boxes and bags full of goodies. The next year we moved. We were in the same town but across the other side. Mom was beginning to get on her feet. Since we had moved and Mom had a better job, we were quite certain that “Santa” wouldn’t visit us that year. But we were wrong!

Those “Santa” visits restored in me the belief in the goodness of mankind, though to this day we don’t know who our helper was.

When we grew up, Mom moved to Virginia. She had some extra money one Christmas. She sent it to me and let us know her decision. We then took action. My husband and children had so much fun buying and wrapping presents for the needy family we had chosen. On Christmas Eve, we allowed the excited kids to stay up late to be part of our secret “Santa” project.

Such satisfaction there was in being able to pass on the gift of love to others who needed it. And the gift goes on!

56. From the first paragraph, we can learn that ______.

A. the writer’s family didn’t like to celebrate Christmas

B. the writer felt sorry about not having Christmas presents

C. the writer’s mother couldn’t afford any Christmas presents

D. the writer knew that something surprising would happen

57. The presents that the writer’s family received must be from _______.

A. someone who has no children        B. someone who knew them well

C. the church in the neighborhood       D. the richest family in the town 

58. What decision did the writer’s mom make in the fifth paragraph?

A. To give her extra money to a poor family.   

B. To thank the person who once helped her family.

C. To give some Christmas presents to a poor family in secret.  

D. To invite a poor family to spend Christmas with her family.  

59. This passage is written to ______.

A. show pity to the poor people        B. show human kindness  

C. thank the helper                 D. show the advantages of being rich