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有一在空气中暴露过的NaOH固体，经分析，其中含有H2O9.4%，Na2CO310.6%，其余是NaOH．若将10.0g该样品放入含有HCl14.6g的盐酸中，使其充分反应，残余的盐酸再用20.0%的NaOH溶液恰好中和至pH=7，蒸发所得溶液，蒸干，计算得到的固体质量是多少克？

答案

依题意最终得到的固体是NaC1，而NaC1中的Cl原子全部来自盐酸，

设 * * 生NaC1的质量为xg，则

  HC1---NaC1             

36.5    58.5

14.6g    x 

36.5
58.5
=
14.6g
x
，

解得x=23.4g，

答：得到的固体质量是23.4g．

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文，完成后面题目。

孔道辅，字原鲁，孔子四十五代孙也。道辅幼端重，举进士第，为宁州军事推官，数与州将争事。有蛇出真武殿中，一郡以为神，州将帅官属往奠拜之。道辅径前以笏击蛇，碎其首，观者初惊，后莫不叹服。迁大理寺丞，主孔子祠事。孔氏故多放纵者，道辅一绳以法。章献太后临朝，召为左正言。受命日，论奏枢密使曹利用窃弄威柄，宜早斥去，以清朝廷。太后可其言，乃退。奉使契丹，道除龙图阁待制。契丹晏使者，优人以文宣王为戏，道辅艴然①径出。契丹使主客者邀道辅还坐，且令谢之。道辅正色曰：“中国与北朝通好，以礼文相接。今俳优之徒，慢侮先圣而不之禁，北朝之过也。道辅何谢！”既还，言者以为生事，且开争端。仁宗问其故，对曰：“契丹比为黑水所破，势甚蹙。平时汉使至契丹，辄为所侮，若不较，恐益慢中国。”帝然之。明道二年，召为右谏议大夫。会郭皇后废，道辅诣垂拱殿伏奏：“皇后天下之母，不当轻议绌废。”帝使内侍谕道辅至中书，令宰相吕夷简以皇后当废状告之。道辅语夷简曰：“大臣之于帝后，犹子事父母也；父母不和，可以谏止，奈何顺父出母乎？”夷简曰：“废后有汉、唐故事。”道辅复曰：“人臣当道君以尧、舜，岂得引汉、唐失德为法邪？”道辅性鲠挺，遇事弹劾无所避，出入风采肃然，及再执宪，权贵益忌之。初，道辅僦②郭贽旧宅居之，有言于帝者曰：“道辅家近太庙，出入传呼，非所以尊神明。”即诏道辅他徙。集贤校理张宗古上言：“国朝以来，庙垣下皆有官私第舍，谓不须避。”帝出宗古通判莱州。会受诏鞠冯士元狱，事连参知政事程琳。宰相张士逊雅恶琳，而疾道辅不附己，将逐之。察帝有不悦琳意，即谓道辅：“上顾程公厚，今为小人所诬，见上，为辨之。”道辅入对，言琳罪薄不足深治。帝果怒，以道辅朋党大臣，出知郓州。时大寒上道，行至韦城，发病卒。

(节选自《宋史·孔道辅》)

【注】①艴然：生气的样子。②僦：租赁。

小题1:对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．契丹晏使者晏：宴请。

B．契丹比为黑水所破，势甚蹙蹙：紧迫。

C．帝然之然：答应。

D．会受诏鞠冯士元狱鞠:审讯。小题2:以下各组句子中，全都直接表明孔道辅性格耿直的一组是(3分)

①道辅径前以笏击蛇，碎其首   ②论奏枢密使曹利用窃弄威柄，宜早斥去   ③皇后天下之母，不当轻议绌废   ④父母不和，可以谏止，奈何顺父出母乎   ⑤出入风采肃然，及再执宪，权贵益忌之      ⑥国朝以来，庙垣下皆有官私第舍，谓不须避

A．①③⑤

B．①④⑥

C．②③④

D．②⑤⑥小题3:下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是(3分)

A．孔道辅不畏神灵，执法不徇私舞弊。当蛇出现在真武殿的时候，全郡的人都认为是神灵，唯独他毫不畏惧，将其打死；孔家后代不守礼法，他严格执法，不留情面。

B．孔道辅坚持国家立场，毫不动摇。契丹在接待孔道辅的时候，侮辱先王，孔道辅愤而离开，直到契丹主持招待的人道歉后才肯罢休，回国后向皇上解释，得到皇上的认可。

C．孔道辅性格耿直，遭权贵忌恨。他遇到看不惯的事情就要弹劾，权贵因此很是忌恨他，借他居住的地方大做文章；张宗古极力为其辩护，也遭到了朝廷的贬谪。

D．孔道辅受人误导，遭到朝廷处罚。张士逊明知皇帝要治罪于程琳，却又假惺惺地让孔道辅为其求情；皇帝认为孔道辅是朋党大臣，将其贬出京城，最终他旧病复发而死。小题4:把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

⑴大臣之于帝后，犹子事父母也；父母不和，可以谏止，奈何顺父出母乎？（5分）

⑵宰相张士逊雅恶琳，而疾道辅不附己，将逐之。（5分）
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Passage 4 One of the great legacies will be the impact of the Games on the country’s young people. The Games inspire a new generation to believe in true values of fair play, the pursuit of excellence in what you do. to work as a team and above all in harmony—the Spirit of Friendship. // I have been fortunate to set records and win medals. But I realize when I stand on the blocks. the competition is really with me more than with others in the race. 1 cannot affect what my competitors will do, I can only commit myself that moment to do my best, to realize my own capabilities. In the end that is the key to having the best chance of winning. // But in the end that is the real human value for the sport for every athlete. The value lies in the effort and the striving even more than in the outcome. Every athlete who does that, and is true to themselves and their sport, deserves to be honored whether or not they come away from the race with a medal or a record. And so it is I think in everybody’s daily life. What more can we do in our work, our professions, our personal lives, than to just try to realize our own individual potential // Being a young person who has had the privilege and fortune to achieve success I feel a great sense of responsibility to help those less fortunate. In 2000 Ian Thorpe’s Foundation for youth was established with the aim of assisting charity organizations that support the needs of children who are faced with challenges and difficulties in their lives due to illness. I believe that all children should be given the opportunity in their own lives to reach full potential. // I am very pleased to be helping raise money tonight for the Beijing Zhiguang Special Education and Training School which I visited yesterday and saw for myself the wonderful work they are doing. I met with the children and it reminded me again about how much we take for granted in our lives. // I can only hope that through the Foundation for youth and your support, together we can make a difference in the lives of many children and give them the opportunity to look forward to a bright future. So if you have not yet made a bid on our auction items tonight, or a donation at the table—I urge you to do so. // (Excerpts from "The Australia-China Oration Series 2002"—Olympic Gold Medalist Ian Thorpe’s speech)
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