问题 计算题

高压锅的锅盖通过几个牙齿似的锅齿与锅镶嵌旋紧,锅盖与锅之间有橡皮制的密封圈,不会漏气。锅盖中间有一排气孔,上面套着类似砝码的限压阀将排气孔堵住,当加热高压锅(锅内有水、食物),锅内气体压强增加到一定程度时,气体就会把限压阀顶起来,蒸气即可从排气孔排出锅外,这样就不会因为锅内压强过大而造成爆炸,以确保安全,如图所示。已知高压锅的限压阀的质量为50.4g,排气孔的面积为7mm2。求:

(1)锅内气体的压强最大可达多少?

(2)设锅内压强每增加3.6×103Pa,水的沸点就相应的增加1℃,则锅内的最高温度可达多高?(g取10N/kg;外界大气压强为1标准大气压,计算时取1×105Pa)

答案

解:(1)质量m=50.4×10-3 kg,排气孔面积s=7×10-6m2,限压阀受三个力的作用而平衡,所以有(P-P0)s=mg,所以有=1.72×105Pa

       (2)锅内压强增加了△P=P-P0=0.72×105Pa,所以锅内温度增加了△t==20℃, 因此锅内温度可达t=100℃ +△t℃ =120℃

阅读理解

I got my first driver's license(执照)in 1953 by taking driver education in my first year at Central High School in Charlotte,North Carolina. Four years later when it was time to renew my license I was a married woman. Henry and I were living in Baltimore,Maryland. Two weeks before my 20th birthday,Henry drove me to the motor vehicle office on a hot July afternoon. When I got to the office and showed to the man behind the counter my North Carolina driver’ s license,ready to renew,the man told me that I was under age by Maryland law since I was not yet 21.“Mr.Henry Smith,your husband,will have to sign for you,”he said.

I argued,pointing to a very large belly(肚子)of mine,“I am married. I am having a baby. Why should I have to have someone sign for me to drive?”He answered coldly,“It’s the law,madam.”

Henry encouraged me to calm down,just go ahead and get the license and be done with it. “No,” I said. I refused to have him sign for me. So I left without a Maryland license.

I called the North Carolina Motor Vehicle Office and renewed my NC license by mail—using my name Susan Brown. And thus it was for the next twelve years. Since Henry was in the army I could drive under my home state license. By the time Henry left the army we were once again living in Maryland,and I had to take the Maryland driver’ s exam. Since then I just go in and renew every four years—sign the name Susan Brown,have my new picture taken,and walk out with a license to drive.

小题1:Susan got her first driver’ s license________.

A.before she got married to Henry

B.when she was twenty years old

C.after she finished high school

D.when she just moved to Maryland小题2:Susan failed to renew her license the first time in Maryland because________.

A.she was forbidden to drive by Maryland law

B.she lacked driving experience in Maryland

C.she was to give birth to a baby soon

D.she insisted on signing for herself小题3:We can infer from the text that in the U.S.________.

A.American males should serve in the army

B.different states may have different laws

C.people have to renew their licenses in their home states

D.women should adopt their husbands’ family names after marriage

选择题