问题 问答题

酒后驾车已成为一个社会问题.检测驾驶人员呼气中酒精浓度(BrAC)的方法有多种.

(1)早期是利用检测试剂颜色变化定性判断BrAC,曾用如下反应检测BrAC:3CH3CH2OH+2KMnO4→3CH3CHO+2MnO2+2KOH+2H2O.

上述反应中发生还原反应的过程是______→______.

(2)已知KMnO4在酸性条件下氧化性增强,能得到更多的电子,若在稀硫酸中反应的氧化产物为乙酸,则还原产物为______;若反应产生了12.0mg乙酸,则转移的电子数目是______.

(3)受上述方法启发,后来用五氧化二碘的淀粉溶液检测BrAC,乙醇被氧化为乙醛,该反应的化学方程式为______.

(4)1994年美国首次批准使用唾液酒精含量检测方法,成为血液、呼气之后的第三种检测手段.其原理是在乙醇氧化酶作用下,乙醇与氧气反应生成乙醛和过氧化氢,判断该条件下乙醇、氧气、乙醛和过氧化氢四种物质中氧化性最强的物质是______(填写化学式).

答案

(1)反应中KMnO4中Mn元素化合物由+7价降低为MnO2中+4价,KMnO4发生还原反应生成MnO2

故答案为:KMnO4,MnO2

(2)KMnO4在酸性条件下氧化性增强,在稀硫酸中将乙醇氧化为乙酸,Mn元素被还原为较低价态的Mn2+,故还原产物为MnSO4,12.0mg乙酸的物质的量为

0.012g
60g/mol
=2×10-4mol,反应中C元素化合价由乙醇中的+2升高为乙酸中0价,据故转移电子数为2×10-4mol×2×(2-0)×NAmol-1=0.0008NA

故答案为:MnSO4,0.0008NA

(3)五氧化二碘的淀粉溶液检测BrAC,乙醇被氧化为乙醛,用淀粉检验碘的生成,反应有碘生成,反应方程式为:

I2O5+5CH3CH2OH→I2+5CH3CHO+5H2O,故答案为:I2O5+5CH3CH2OH→I2+5CH3CHO+5H2O;

(4)反应中氧气是氧化剂,乙醇是还原剂,乙醛是氧化产物,过氧化氢是还原产物,氧化剂的氧化性强于氧化产物的氧化性,也强于还原剂、还原产物的氧化性,故氧气的氧化性最强,故答案为:O2

阅读理解

阅读理解。

Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American

schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they will get punishment, too. On the first

day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes.

There are altogether 1,200 students in the school. Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule

every day. So the headmaster Therea Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen. At

Morton High School, students’favorite clothing such as baggy(宽大的)trousers, low-    hecked shirts

and tank tops(紧身短背心)are not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to

choose what to wear , but the headmaster doesn’t think so. “I’d be supportive if  half the school was

sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school is for education. “Freedom” does not mean

“free of restrictions(约束)”. That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the USA or in China.

1.ManyChinese students think that____.

A. American students are very free at school          

B. American students are not so clever as them          

C. American students don't love their school at all

 2. 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for       .

A. not finishing their homework        

B. being late for school        

C. not wearing the right clothes

 3. Some students in Morton High School think that they have the right to       .

A. decide when to go to school          

B. choose what to wear        

C. eat and drink in class

4. What does the underlined word “supportive” mean in Chinese?

A. 高兴的    

B. 支持的    

C. 害怕的

5. What’s the writer’s attitude(态度)to the school dress rule?

A. Agree.            

B. Disagree(不同意).       

C. Not sure.

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