问题 综合

读下图回答下列各题:

(1)当太阳直射图中M点时,一艘考察船从某国N港启航,此刻正是   

      时(北京时间)。

(2)N港是该国第一大港,中国南极长城站大致位于它的  方向。

(3)考察船在南极长城站行驶过程中,船员经历的下列哪些是真实可信的?(  )

A.启航时当地正值旱季B.考察船可以顺洋流航行
C.途经某发达国家,补充大量肉类、奶酪
D.途经某世界著名渔场,捕获大量渔产品
E.沿途测得海洋表面盐度逐渐上升

F.途中白昼时间逐日缩短             G.发现巨冰山及鲸群、白熊、海豹

H.穿越德雷克海峡进人大西洋

答案

(1)12 22 10  (2)悉尼 东南  (3)BCH

本题考查太阳直射、区时计算、洋流以及南极洲的知识。

(1)题的解答首先要找到南回归线,明确太阳直射南回归线的时间为12月22日。  

(2)题解答要明确澳大利亚最大港口是悉尼。要注意以南极为中心的地图,顺时针方向(地球自转方向)为东。  

(3)题逐个分析选项可求正确答案。因为启航时是12月22日,为南半球夏季,正值当地雨季,A项不正确。考察船可以顺着西风漂流航行。考察船途经澳大利亚时可以大量补充肉类、奶酪,因为澳大利亚是畜牧业发达国家。所以B、C正确。由于沿海没有世界著名渔场,D项不正确。由于世界海洋表面盐度是从副热带海区向高纬度逐渐减小,所以E项不正确。当太阳直射在南半球时,考察船越往南走,纬度越高,白昼时间越长。另外,也应该考虑大阳直射点是向北移动的,整个南半球的白昼时间将逐渐缩短。在单位时间内,考察船向南移动的纬度要大于太阳直射点向北移动的纬度。综合考虑,途中白昼时间逐日延长,F不正确。白熊是分布在北极地区,G不正确。由于考察船是由西向东航行,所以穿越德雷克海峡进入大西洋,H正确。

选择题
阅读理解

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

Machines in the home have a short history. Sewing machines, washing machines and tumble dries are common enough today, but a hundred years ago few people could even imagine such things. However, inventors have designed and built a wide range of household machines since then. In most cases the inventor tried to patent(申请专利)his machine, to stop anyone copying it. Then he tried to produce a lot of them. If the machine became popular, the inventor could make a lot of money.

In 1790 the first sewing machine was patented. The inventor was an Englishman called Thomas Saint. There was nothing to match his machine for forty years, and then someone built a similar device. He was a Frenchman, Bartelemy Thimonier. Neither of these early machines worked very well, however, it wasn’t until 1846 that an inventor came up with a really efficient sewing machine. He was an American, Elias Howe and his machine was good enough to beat five skilled sewing women. He didn’t make much money from it, however. The first commercially successful sewing machine was patented by Isaac Singer five years later.

Today, we take washing machines for granted, but there was none before 1869. The revolving drum(旋转桶)of that first machine set a pattern for the future, but it was crude by today’s standards. The drum was turned by hand, and needed a lot of effort. Eight years passed before someone produced an electric washing machine. The world had to wait even longer for a machine to dry clothes. The first spin-drier was another American invention, patented in 1924; but it was 20 years before such machines were widely used.

It was yet another American, called Bissell, who introduced the carpet sweeper. He patented the original machine back in 1876. It didn’t pick up dirt very well, but it was quicker than a dustpan and brush. Thirty-six years later, even the carpet sweeper was old-fashioned: modern homes now have a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器)with an electric motor to suck the dust.

1. Whose sewing machine could do far more than the work that was done by five skilled sewing women?

A. Thomas Saint’s.                               B. Bartelemy Thimonier’s.

C. Elias Howe’s.                                         D. Isaac Singer’s.  

2. According to the article, modern inventors __________ .

A. follow the pattern of the first revolving drum but improve it much

B. only imitate the first washing machine

C. power the first ever-made washing machine by electricity

D. have to wait for the first spin-drier for a long time

3. The underlined word “crude” in the sentence “but it was crude by today’s standards”

probably means __________ .  

A. useless       B. ugly-looking     C. rough       D. not skillfully made

4 The article mainly tells us about __________ .

A. the great inventors in the world

B. the important inventions in the world

C. the short history of household machines

D. the importance of the machines used in the home