问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成问题。

童年与树

  树与一个人的关系,是和他的童年密不可分的。所有曾经在童年眼眸中蓬勃生长过的树,才能留下彼此与四季共处的记忆。

  那时南方小城的街道两旁栽种最多的是法国梧桐。它正式的名字很乏味,叫二球悬铃木,之所以叫它法国梧桐,不过是因为旧上海法租界的街道两旁,最早开始大范围种植这种树。而法国梧桐其实是在英国培育的,所以,英文里就应该是伦敦梧桐。它自然不是中国古诗里的梧桐树,那完全是另外一种树,可以制作古琴,可以让凤凰停栖,与月光对照有清冷的气质,是一种很美的中国古代的树。法国梧桐是个外来的杂交树种,是舶来货,因此也没有传统文化意味中的惺惺相惜之感,但它是我童年的树。

  那些曾经在家里大宅子外面的法国梧桐,应该至少存活一百年了吧。因为它们看起来需要好几个孩子张开手臂才能合抱。也因为它们高大,在一年一度的台风来袭时,经常遭殃,被刮断的树桠枝干铺满整条街道。它们枝叶繁茂,路面在夏天从无烈日光照,淡淡的金色光斑从浓密的绿叶里筛洒下来,在柏油马路上跳跃晃动,铺成闪烁的光影。两边的树冠彼此交织,搭成清凉的绿色长廊。即使有车辆来往,也不觉得灰尘扑面、空气污浊,大树吸收掉很多污染。洒水车也是经常来的。马路一洒透,树叶的清淡气味就浓郁起来,空气中湿湿的芳香,让人清爽。附近宅子里的儿童们,围绕着这些大树,捉迷藏、下棋子、跳皮筋、捉昆虫,日夜与它们在一起。大人们也不例外,夏天都在树下搭桌子吃晚饭,啃西瓜。

  后来,我再未见过这样高大的法国梧桐。也可能是因为它们被我的回忆异化了,闪烁出现实未必黏合过的精神光亮,它们在我的心里,成为一种象征,一种纯粹的关于岁月的深深的记忆。在幼小的我看来,那些树,一棵一棵,其实就是一个一个老人。它们见证过多少变迁,又给予过人们多少乐趣与庇佑,每一棵老树里面,一定停留着一个静默而高贵的灵魂吧。这是小时候的我所坚信的。所以,我看见童年里的自己,在吃完晚饭后,有时心里寥落,也不想找小伙伴,就在暗淡的路灯下,贴着一棵古老的法国梧桐,一边用手剥着粗糙的老树皮,一边无所事事。那时的树,在夜色里清幽,显示魔力,大大的掌形树叶在风中窸窣作响,叶片上有细细的白色茸毛。夏夜因此闪烁出格外神秘而跃动的童年畅想。

  在我十几岁的时候,为了拓展路面,这些树全部被砍伐了。整整一条街道的百年大树,消失得了无踪迹。我相信那些积聚在粗大树干里的静默而高贵的灵魂,在树干被伐倒的一瞬间,就回到星光闪耀的夜空中去了。是的,一定是这样。

  在城市里,新落成的住宅公寓总是很华美,房间里也可以布置得尽如人意,但是周围的环境会凸显出没有底气的荒芜来,那是因为新建筑附近的花园及街道边的树,大多是新栽的树苗。树干细伶伶的,树叶稀少,树的数量及绿阴密度,与路面范围不成比例。在这样的街道上散步,人是惶惑的,宽阔的大马路上车来车往,阳光在头顶赤裸裸地曝晒,即使戴着凉帽也觉得浑身冒烟。此时,就很有可能对大城市这个概念产生一种绝望的心绪。人没有了依傍,人没有了支撑。所有的一切,都是曾经被扫荡过的,被清除过的,被抛弃过的,然后开始新的拓展、利用和占有。老的旧的传统的根基没有得到照顾和保护。如此一批一批开发出来的,是一往无前而无所依据的商品。人存活在一个充满商业气息却无比贫瘠的氛围里,又该会有怎样的心绪。成人的世界,尚可麻木度日。童年中的孩子,则一定需要有一棵大树,陪伴他一起成长,带来四季变迁的感受和心得,扩大感情和想象的容量,见证生命的真实与尊严。就是这样的一棵树,在岁月里迎风傲立的大大的树。那会是他的第一个朋友。(《读者》2009年第17期)

1.法国梧桐没有中国传统文化意味中的惺惺相惜之感,但它是我童年的树,作者为什么这样认为?

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2.文中“那些树,一棵一棵,其实就是一个一个老人。”这句话的含义是什么?

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3.文章结尾为什么要写新落成的住宅公寓附近新载的树苗?

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4.随着社会的发展,一些老的旧的传统的东西逐渐消失,谈谈你的感受。

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答案

1.法国梧桐给我的童年带来了欢乐。法国梧桐是我童年记忆的象征。法国梧桐是我童年精神的寄托。(若答安慰我童年内心的寥落或引发我童年的畅想也可)

2.运用比喻的修辞,形象地写出了法国梧桐经历了岁月的沧桑,见证了世事的变迁。法国梧桐给人以清爽、乐趣和庇佑,使人们的灵魂得到净化。

3.表达作者对传统根基被破坏、商业气息弥漫的社会现象的失望之情。对比反衬出作者对童年的树(法国梧桐)的感情的深厚。

4.“略”。

单项选择题 共用题干题
单项选择题

So you’ve got an invention — you and around 39,000 others each year, according to 2002 statistics!

The 64,000-dollar question, if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you’ve invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water (not so daft, someone has invented one), is how to ensure you’re the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity. How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense

One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention. That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years. And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London’s Holborn to try and patent their devices.

The building houses the Patent Office. It’s an ant heap of corridors, offices and filing rooms—a sorting house and storage depot for one of the world’s biggest and most varied collections of technical data. Some ten million patents — English and foreign — are listed there.

File after file, catalogue after catalogue detail the brain-children of inventors down the centuries, from a 1600’s machine gun designed to fire square bullets at infidels and round ones at Christians, to present-day laser, nuclear and computer technology.

The first letters’ patent were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam. The letters, written in Latin, are still on file at the office. They were granted by King Henry Ⅵ and entitled Utynam to import into this country his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.

Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting a go-ahead note from the monarch. These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for your revolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.

From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost £ 165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild. That’s if he’s lucky. By no means all who apply to the Patent Office, which is a branch of the Department of Trade, get a patent.

A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge, Principal Examiner (Administration), who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent — "ingenuity".

What have the 1600’s machine gun and the present-day laser in common?()

A.Both were approved by the monarch.

B.Both were granted by King Henry Ⅵ.

C.Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.

D.Both were patented.