问题 问答题

某研究性实验小组为探索航天器球形返回舱穿过大气层时所受空气阻力(风力)的影响因素,进行了模拟实验研究.如图为测定风力的实验装置图.其中CD是一段水平放置的长为L的光滑均匀电阻丝,电阻丝阻值较大;一质量和电阻均不计的细长裸金属丝一端固定于O点,另一端悬挂小球P,无风时细金属丝竖直,恰与电阻丝在C点接触,OC=H;有风时细金属丝将偏离竖直方向,与电阻丝相交于某一点(如图中虚线所示,细金属丝与电阻丝始终保持良好的导电接触).

(1)已知电源电动势为E,内阻不计,理想电压表两接线柱分别与O点与C点相连,球P的质量为m,重力加速度为g,由此可推得风力大小F与电压表示数U的关系为F=______.

(2)研究小组的同学猜想:风力大小F可能与风速大小v和球半径r这两个因数有关,于是他们进行了实验后获得了如下数据:(下表中风速v的单位为m/s,电压U的单位为V,球半径r的单位为cm.)

根据表中数据可知,风力大小F与风速大小和球半径r的关系是______.

10152030
0.259.6014.519.128.7
0.502.403.604.817.19
0.751.071.612.133.21
1.000.600.891.211.82

答案

(1)以小球为研究对象,对小球进行受力分析,设小球受到风力为F是细金属丝与竖直方向的夹角为θ,由平衡条件可知其风力

   F=mgtanθ   ①

设细金属丝与电阻丝相交点与C点之间的长度Htanθ,电阻为R′=

R
L
Htanθ,

由串联电路的分压规律可知电压表示数 U=

ER′
R
=
E
L
Htanθ ②

①②两式联立解得 F=

mgL
EH
U ③

(2)由表中的测量数据可以看出,在球半径一定的情况下,电压表示数与风速成正比,则风力大小与风速成正比,即F与v成正比.

在风速一定的情况下,球半径增大到原来的二倍,电压表示数减小为原来的

1
4

由③式和球体积公式、密度公式可得 F=

mgL
EH
U=
VρgL
EH
U=
ρgL
EH
?
4
3
πr3U

可得在风速一定的情况下,风力大小与球半径的关系是:F与r成正比.

 综上,风力大小与风速成正比,与球半径成正比,风力的大小F与风速大小v、球半径r的关系式可以写为F=kvr,式中k为常数.

故答案为:

mgUL
EH
,F=kvr,

单项选择题 A1型题
完形填空
Elizabeth Clay decided to go home and spend the holiday with her parents. The next day she drove her old car home along the road.    36    she found she got a flat. The 22-year-old student    37    to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and opened the trunk. No    38   tire.
At this time, a car   39   . Paul and Diane told Clay to   40    them to a service station near their    41   . They arrived to see that it had no suitable tires to   42    with her car. “Follow us home,” said Paul.
The couple called around to find a tire. No   43     . They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,” Paul said, handing Clay a    44    of keys, “Take our car. We   45    be using it over the holiday.”
Clay was    46     . “But I’m going all the way to South Carolina, and I’ll be gone for two weeks,” she    47    them.
“We know,” Paul said. “We’ll be    48    when you get back. Here’s our number if you need to    49    us.”
Unable to believe her eyes, Clay watched as the    50     put her luggage into their car and then   51     her off. Two weeks later she    52    to find her old car cleaned inside and out with three new tires and the radio     53  .
“Thank you so much,” she said. “How much do I    54    you?” “Oh, no,” Paul said, “we don’t want any money. It’s our    55    .” Clay realized that while it might have been their pleasure, it was now her duty to pass on their “do unto others” spirit.
小题1:
A.Suddenly B.Finally C.Immediately D.Fortunately
小题2:
A.afforded B.wanted C.allowed D.managed
小题3:
A.spare B.freeC.full D.empty
小题4:
A.passed B.stopped C.paused D.started
小题5:
A.help B.push C.takeD.follow
小题6:
A.garage B.house C.shop D.hotel
小题7:
A.agree B.match C.go D.deal
小题8:
A.wayB.message C.success D.luck
小题9:
A.set B.number C.pairD.chain
小题10:
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t
小题11:
A.satisfied B.worried C.astonished D.disturbed
小题12:
A.persuaded B.advised C.reminded D.promised
小题13:
A.happyB.hereC.away D.busy
小题14:
A.get in touch with B.keep in touch with
C.be in touch with D.put in touch with
小题15:
A.repairmen B.cleaners C.friends D.couple
小题16:
A.sent B.shook C.watched D.drove
小题17:
A.shocked B.happened C.returned D.came
小题18:
A.loaded B.fixed C.tiedD.rebuilt
小题19:
A.owe B.lendC.giveD.offer
小题20:
A.wish B.job C.duty D.pleasure