问题 问答题

十二水合硫酸铝钾又称明矾,化学式为KAl(SO42•12H2O,无色立方晶体,有玻璃光泽,是重要的化工原料,可用于制备铝盐、发酵粉、媒染剂、造纸、防水剂等.

(1)明矾溶于水时解离出的金属阳离子为______(写离子符号).

(2)近年来人们发现,长期饮用明矾净化的水,可能会引起老年性痴呆症,请你从化学元素与人体健康的角度考虑,说明原因______.

(3)取一定量的KAl(SO42•12H2O放入盛有一定量NaHCO3溶液的烧杯中,恰好完全反应,有关的化学反应为:2KAl(SO42•12H2O+6NaHCO3=K2SO4+3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓+6CO2↑+24H2O

①该反应过程中,观察到的明显反应现象是(答一条即可)______.

②将反应后所得混合物过滤,向滤渣中逐滴滴入73g质量分数为15%的稀盐酸,恰好完全反应,通过计算,求此时所得不饱和溶液中溶质的质量.(计算结果精确到0.1g)

答案

(1)明矾溶于水时解离出的金属阳离子为钾离子和铝离子,其离子符号分别是K+、Al3+

(2)长期或大量摄入铝元素对人体的大脑和神经系统将造成损害,明矾中含有铝元素,铝元素对人体有害.

(3)①由题意,2KAl(SO42•12H2O+6NaHCO3=K2SO4+3Na2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓+6CO2↑+24H2O,该反应过程中,可观察到有沉淀生成(或有气体生成).

②设所得不饱和溶液中溶质的质量为x,

Al(OH)3+3HCl═AlCl3+3H2O

         109.5  133.5

        73g×15%  x

109.5
133.5
=
 73g×15%
x
     x=13.4g

故答案为:(1)K+、Al3+;(2)明矾中含有铝元素,铝元素对人体有害;(3)①有沉淀生成;②所得不饱和溶液中溶质的质量为13.4g.

阅读理解
You may never be in an emergency situation. But if it happens, you should know how to get help. The telephone book in the United States has emergency numbers on the inside front cover. Look at the following table from the Boston telephone book. Notice that the numbers for the police and the fire department (部门) are the same. And it is an easy number to remember. If you are too unhappy or excited to remember any numbers at all, you can simply dial (拨打) “0” for an operator (接线员) in any emergency.
EMERGENCY NUMBERS
FIRE                       POLICE                  DOCTOR
BOSTON      911          BOSTON      911         BOSTON      482-5252
CAMBRIDGE  876-5800     CAMBRIDGE  846-1212    CAMBRIDGE   856-3585
SOMERVILLE  023-1500     SOMERVILLE  645-1212   SOMERVILLE  025-4774
Other Places _________       Other Places _________      Other Places ________ 
Write in your number here     Write in your number here     Write in your number here
★ COAST GUARD  223-6978
OR DIAL “0” (OPERATIOR) IN ANY EMERGENCY
WE ARE ALWAYS THERE AND READY TO HELP!
小题1:If you see a fire in Cambridge, you should dial _________.
A.023-1500B.846-1212C.645-1212D.876-5800
小题2:If you dial “0”, ________ will answer your call.
A.the police B.the doctorC.the operatorD.the fire department
小题3:This passage is most probably taken from _________.
A.a sports magazineB.an emergency leaflet
C.a TV guideD.a telephone book
单项选择题