问题 填空题

[背景资料1]:氧化还原反应其实不仅限于反应中氧的得、失,可以拓展为“只要有元素化合价发生改变的化学反应都属于氧化还原反应”.元素化合价升高的反应物在反应中作为还原剂被氧化,元素化合价降低的反应物在反应中作为氧化剂被还原.

[背景资料2]:维生素C(C6H8O6)主要存在于蔬菜、水果中.近年来科学家发现,维生素C除具有人们所熟知的功效外,还具有防癌作用.但是蔬菜经过高温烹调,VC将被破坏殆尽,所以一些绿色蔬菜经过油锅快炒即可.

(1)维生素C是水溶性维生素.因此,蔬菜烹调前要先洗后切,热稳定性 ______(填“好”或“差”);

(2)维生素C常被添加入果汁饮料中作为营养增强剂,在饮料中VC还是比较稳定的.用pH试纸检验VC水溶液得到结果pH ______7(填“>”,“<”或“=”),所以在凉拌黄瓜时候可以加入 ______[从“食醋”和“面碱”(化学式Na2CO3)中选择]作为调料能保持黄瓜营养.

(3)VC能真正被人体吸收利用的很少,大部分VC在代谢中产生草酸(H2C2O4),会与体内的钙盐(CaR,R表示酸根)发生复分解反应,生成不能吸收的沉积物草酸钙,从而诱发“结石”症,请写出解释该原理的化学方程式 ______.

(4)报纸上经常报道亚硝酸盐误作食盐中毒事故,由于缺乏相关知识造成愚昧的举动实在令人痛心.亚硝酸盐不仅能致癌,而且中毒机理可以理解为它的氧化性将血红蛋白中的Fe(+2价)元素氧化成+3价.所以我们可以利用VC的还原性进行解毒,结果Fe的价态为 ______.

答案

(1)蔬菜经过高温烹调,VC将被破坏殆尽,说明它的热稳定性差.

(2)维生素C在酸性条件下不易被破坏,因此其水溶液呈酸性,pH<7;在凉拌黄瓜时候可以加入酸性调料可保持维生素C不被破坏,如加食醋.

(3)草酸(H2C2O4),会与体内的钙盐(CaR,R表示酸根)发生复分解反应,生成不能吸收的沉积物草酸钙,根据复分解反应的特点,还应生成某酸H2R,所以方程式为:H2C2O4+CaR═CaC2O4↓+H2R.

(4)亚硝酸盐不中毒机理可以理解为它的氧化性将血红蛋白中的Fe(+2价)元素氧化成+3价.利用VC的还原性进行解毒,是把它由+3价又还原为+2价,所以结果Fe的价态为+2价.

故答案为:(1)差;(2)小于;食醋;(3)H2C2O4+CaR═CaC2O4↓+H2R;(4)+2价.

阅读理解
阅读理解。
      May is a lovely girl with two big eyes. But she always hides them behind a pair of glasses.
      She is one of my best friends but once I nearly finished our friendship. One day, the teacher gave us
our result of English test. I did very badly so I didn't want to talk to anyone after class. Suddenly, May
said, "You look unhappy, Millie. What's wrong?" I looked up at her but said nothing. I knew she got a good
mark in the test. I thought she must make fun of me. She kept asking me, "Is it because of the test? Do you
want me to show you the right answers?" I still didn't talk to her. Then she went away with my test paper.
     In the afternoon, May gave me my test paper back. I looked at it and became surprised. May wrote the
right answers next to each of my mistakes. My face went red. How kind she was! I wanted to hug (拥抱)
her, but I only cried and said, "Thank you!" After school, May and I walked home together. I felt very happy
and thanked her again. We are still good friends now.
1. From the passage we know ______.
[ ]
A. May is my friend
B. May is lovely and kind
C. May has poor eyesight
D. All of the above
2. Millie felt sad after class because ______.
[ ]
A. she got good grades in the test
B. May did better than her in the test
C. she didn't do well in the test
D. the teacher was angry with here
3. May came up to Millie to ______ after class.
[ ]
A. go home with her
B. play with her
C. find out what happened to her
D. give the test paper to her
4. Millie felt very happy and thanked May because ______.
[ ]

A. May kept asking Millie questions
B. They are good friends
C. May wrote down the right answers for Millie
D. May helped Millie with her homework

5. Which of the following phrases has the same meaning as "make fun of"?
[ ]
A. Say hello to
B. Talk to
C. Look after
D. Laugh at
单项选择题