问题 问答题 简答题

医务社会工作中常见的伦理价值两难情形有哪些?

答案

参考答案:(1)知情同意与案主自决的冲突。比如我们经常遇到医疗纠纷这样一类问题,医务社会工作的服务很重要的一部分是帮助处理医疗纠纷,而知情同意和案主自决是医疗服务中一对经常遇见的矛盾。此外,由于中国死亡文化的特点,在许多病人检查出绝症时家属一般会叮嘱医务人员进行保密,这虽然属于“人之常情”,但是从社会工作服务伦理的角度来看,这样做侵犯了案主的知情权,由此也导致社会工作者陷入两难境地,所以必须要保证案主的知情权。

(2)资源有限与公平分配的冲突。在社会工作者的视界里案主永远是第一位的,而为了能够有效地、最大限度的帮助每一位案主,资源的有限性就成了社工服务大众的一大屏障。医务社会工作者在服务的过程中,始终要注意医疗资源分配的公平性问题。

(3)生命医学伦理冲突。病人的生命权是最重要的,一切工作应以保证病人的生命安全为前提。但在很多情况下这一原则并不能得到执行,如有宗教信仰或者文化冲突的情形。因此,如果能在医院和医患之间融入社会工作者这第三方力量,由于社会工作者站在公平的立场上来做沟通和协调工作,也许就可以避免悲剧的发生。

(4)实验医学伦理冲突。在医疗试验领域,有些实验需要患者来做被试,这就涉及医疗伦理的问题。在实验中首先要确保患者的生命安全。对于实验医学来讲,必须要让被试者知晓实验可能带来的副作用,被试者有随时腿实验的权利,因此,一切医疗行为以及医务工作者的服务,都要遵循被试者的生命安全至上的原则。

(5)紧急医疗事件中的伦理冲突。在医疗服务中会经常出现一些紧急事件,需要医疗团队迅速作出判断并采取相应的医疗行为,否则就会威胁患者的生命。但是由于现在社会医患关系的紧张、相互信任度低。导致在医疗过程中不得不依靠一些程序化的措施来保障医疗行为的顺利进行,例如签订手术协议书就是常见的保障手段。我们不得不思考进行考虑这样的伦理问题:在紧急的医疗事件中,我们应该考虑怎样的伦理优先顺序?不同的技术水平的大夫是否应该做出同样的选择?这种情况下,是否即便手术成功,医生也因就违规操作而受到惩罚?这这种对于患者知情“知情同意权的侵犯,是不是应该受到限制?

阅读理解

The mobile phone has been a part of our lives since the 1980s. It enables us to stay in contact with our family and friends at all times and in most areas. However, because of the quick acceptance and extensive usage of mobiles in our lives, we have missed out on an important step, namely, the appropriate (恰当的)use.

Driving a car  

Do not use your phone while you are driving ! You could concentrate on your conversation and forget to look where you are going, or you could take your eyes off the road to look at the phone’s display or to press in a number. Either way, you could cause a terrible accident.

In a restaurant

There is probably nothing more annoying than a diner receiving or making a call near you when you are in a restaurant. The icy glares you receive should be warning enough that it is not appreciated. Turn you phone off and enough that it is not appreciated. Turn you phone off and use your message service to return calls after you leave.

At the cinema

Do not give way to the desire to call a friend if the film is boring, or if you want to find out what happens. You could become the target of all the angry cinema customers.

At the theatre

There is no more icy glare than that of a theatre goer who has paid a lot of money to see a show and hears your phone playing a tone. It goes without saying that you will be seen as a socially unacceptable person in this situation.

In hospitals

This is probably the most important place to make sure your phone is switched off. Your phone can disturb life-saving electronic equipment in hospitals, so it is necessary that your phone is switched off before you enter.

On planes

Your phone might disturb navigational equipment and cause a horrible accident so you should switch it off before boarding a plane.

小题1:According to the passage, the most annoying thing in a restaurant is that __________.

A.you receive icy glares

B.a nearby diner is answering a phone call

C.you have to use the message service

D.you can not return calls until after you leave小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT true ?

A.Theatre goers will not give you icy glares when they hear your phone.

B.When switched on in hospitals, mobile phones could endanger patients’ lives.

C.Passengers should switch off the phones before getting on a plane.

D.Pressing in phone numbers when driving could lead to traffic accidents.小题3:The passage mainly describes __________.

A.different functions of mobile phones

B.the overuse of mobile phones on some occasions

C.some areas where message service is forbidden

D.the proper use of mobile phones in some public places小题4:What does the underlined word “concentrate on” mean in the article? It means ______.

A.make something stronger

B.carry on

C.pay particular attention

D.think something clearly

单项选择题