问题 选择题

  阅读下列材料,回答问题:

  材料一 航海乃是谋求本共和国福利与安全最重要的手段……自公元1651年起及从此以后……无论为英人或别国人的殖民地所生长、出产或制造的任何货物或商品,如非由属于本共和国人民所有的任何种类船舶载运,皆不得输入或带进英吉利共和国…或殖民地或领土……如违反本条例,其全部进口货物,应予没收,运载该项货物或商品入口的船舶……亦应一并没收。 ——《航海条例》

  材料二 ……有如上述,早已停止由公社使用的土地,以及在半年内由公社使用的田地,自8月1日起由公社使用的草地、公社牧场与放牧地都交错在一起,使其各所有人均感不便,但若由各土地所有人和一切其他利害有关人等按其对土地不同的权利、份额和利益划分应得地段,将这些土地分割并以栅栏圈围,则对他们均将大为有利。此种分割、划分地段并加圈围虽使一切有关方面均得其利,但必须在国会协助下执行。 ——蒋相泽主编《世界通史资料选辑》(近代部分)上册

  材料三 1849年,已实行几百年的《航海法》被废除,这是另一个标志,表明①的原则被彻底认可。1852年议会发表一项原则表明,称①是英国的国策。英国由此而进入②鼎盛时期。 ——《英国通史》

  材料四 英国正在孕育人类历史上一种崭新的生产方式;科学意识提高了英国人的认识水准;英国成为世界上第一个工业化国家,在18世纪中期到19世纪中期,引领着世界的发展。从19世纪后期开始,德国和美国迎头赶了上来,开始引领第二次工业革命的潮流。自由经济模式与生俱来的缺陷,在20世纪给英国,也给世界带来惨痛而深刻的教训。 ——《 * * 党宣言》

请回答:

(1)据材料一,分析英国为什么能成为世界强国?

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(2)据材料二,分析英国是如何推动圈地运动发展的?这一运动与英国发展具有怎样的联系?

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(3)结合所学知识,将材料三横线上①、②的内容补充完整。分析造成这一结果的根本原因。

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(4)据材料四,指出19世纪后期英国衰落的主要原因。

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答案

(1)注重海权,拓展海外市场。

(2)推动:英国通过国会立法形式来推动圈地运动发展。

  联系:圈地运动为英国资本主义工商业的迅速发展创造了条件(如,市场、劳动力等)。

(3)① 自由贸易。② 自由资本主义。英国通过工业革命,成为世界上第一个工业国家。

(4)不适应第二次工业革命的潮流自我调整,被后来的美国德国迎头赶了上来;自由主义经济模式的弊端。

单项选择题

B


Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientist as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independent of any course -- simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contributions, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.

A.are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science

B.are good at producing various gadgets

C.work in a storehouse of dried facts

D.want to have a superficial understanding of science

选择题