问题 实验题

某学生对SO2与漂粉精的反应进行实验探究:

操作现象
取适量漂粉精固体,加入100mL水部分固体溶解,溶液略有颜色
过滤,测漂粉精溶液的pHpH试纸先变蓝,后褪色
液面上方出现白雾;

稍后,出现浑浊,溶液变为黄绿色;

稍后,产生大量白色沉淀,黄绿色褪去

 

(1)写出C12和Ca(OH)2制取漂粉精的化学方程式                               ;   

(2)向水中持续通入SO2,未观察到白雾。推测现象i的白雾由HCl小液滴形成,进行如下实验:

a.用湿润的碘化钾淀粉试纸检验白雾,无变化;

b.用酸化的AgNO3溶液检验白雾,产生白色沉淀。

①实验a目的是                                        

②由实验a、b不能判断白雾中含有HC1,理由是                                      

(3)将A瓶中混合物过滤、洗涤,得到沉淀X

①向沉淀X中加入稀HC1,无明显变化。取上层清液,加入BaC12溶液,产生白色沉淀。则沉淀X中含有的物质是        

②用离子方程式解释现象iii中黄绿色褪去的原因:                                   

(4)测定漂粉精有效成分的质量分数。称取2.000 g漂粉精于锥形瓶中,加水溶解,调节溶液的pH,以淀粉为指示剂,用0.2000 mol·L-1 KI溶液进行滴定,溶液出现稳定浅蓝色时为滴定终点。反应原理为:3C1O-+ I- ="=" 3C1+ IO3-

IO3- + 5I+ 3H2O ="=" 6OH-+ 3I2

实验测得数据如下表所示。

滴定次数123
KI溶液体积/mL19.9820.0220.00
 

该漂白粉中有效成分的质量分数为                         

答案

(1)2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O

(2)①验证Cl2存在②与硝酸酸化的AgNO3产生的白色沉淀也可能是Ag2SO4或Ag2SO3

(3)①CaSO4 ②SO2+Cl2+2H2O=4H++SO42-+2Cl- (4)42.90%(4分,数据对且符合有效数字要求)

题目分析:(1)Cl2和Ca(OH)2生成氯化钙、次氯酸钙与水;(2)①反应中生成Cl2,用湿润的碘化钾淀粉试纸检验白雾中是否Cl2,排除Cl2干扰;②白雾中含有SO2,可以被硝酸氧化为硫酸,故SO2可以使酸化的AgNO3溶液产生白色沉淀;(3)①A瓶中混合物过滤、洗涤得沉淀X,向X中加入稀HC1,无明显变化,不含CaSO3。取上层清液,加入BaC12溶液,产生白色沉淀,说明有SO42-。故X中含有的物质是CaSO4;②iii中黄绿色褪去的原因是SO2还原了Cl2的原因:SO2+Cl2+2H2O=4H++SO42-+2Cl-;(4)根据反应原理可知3~2KI,平均消耗KI为20.00mL,为20.00×10-3×0.2000mol=4.000mol,即漂白粉含6.000×10-3mol Ca(C1O)2,即0.8580g,故该漂白粉中有效成分的质量分数为42.90%。

单项选择题
单项选择题

American Museum of Natural History is one of the largest natural and historic museums in the world and one of the main natural history research and education centres in the United States, set up in 1869 and located in the west of the Central Park, Manhattan District, New York. It (1) 7 hectares in its total area, (2) classical types of buildings. The (3) of ancient creatures and humanity is (4) the first place of all the museums in the world, (5) the representative samples from South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia were collected, besides those from the (6) country, the United States.In the museum, there are five kinds of exhibits, including astronomy, mineralogy, human history, and animals in the (7) times and those in modern times. There are thirty-eight exhibition halls with different (8) from 500 to 1,500 square metres. Besides these, there is a Roosevelt Memorial Hall in (9) of President Roosevelt who supported the (10) of the museum, which is also used to have a special exhibition, showing the new important (11) on natural sciences and (12) affairs and social problems, and special topics connected closely with the life of the citizens. Besides this, it is also used for avocation (13) to have all kinds of scientific activities in the laboratories, centres of natural science and centres for citizens. There are more than 10 (14) research departments mainly(15) for collection of samples, research and work of publication.In the museum, there are (16) and sub-libraries of Aulspond ancient amniote, with about 300 thousand books and magazines (17) natural history, many of(18) are very valuable monographs for the first edition. It has published many expert books and magazines, and a large number of propaganda materials, (19) which are the two magazines, Natural History and Members of Museum that have the biggest (20) of their magazines.

13()

A.fans

B.lovers

C.addicts

D.actors