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问题 选择题

漫画是：达尔文和他的鸣雀，下列有关叙述错误的是

A．达尔文进化论研究的是生物间的自然选择过程

B．达尔文进化论研究的是猿是人类唯一的祖先

C．达尔文进化论是指物种的进化是由低级向高级发展的

D．达尔文进化论是指物种的进化是优胜劣汰的过程

答案

答案：B

题目分析：依据所学知识，达尔文的《物种起源》论述了自然界的生物是不断发展的，是由低级向高级不断进化的；进化的规则是物竞天择，适者生存。故A、C、D三项都正确。论述人猿同祖的是赫胥黎。故选B。

阅读理解与欣赏

用斜线（/）给下面短文断句并翻译划线部分。（10分）

凡 音 者 产 乎 人 心 者 也 感 于 心 则 荡 乎 音 音 成 于 外 而 化 乎 内 是 故 闻 其 声 而  知  其  风 察 其 风 而 知  其 志 观 其 志 而 知 其 德 盛  衰 贤 不 肖 君 子 小 人 皆 形 于 乐 不  可  隐 匿 故  曰  乐 之 为  观  也  深  矣

（取材于《吕氏春秋·音初》）
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单项选择题

Americans have a great love for informality and nowhere is this better expressed than in their love for nicknames (昵称，绰号). Upon greeting strangers for the first time they will quickly introduce themselves by their nickname. These are shortened forms of their given name at birth and reflect the casual relationships which exist among friends and coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in daily situations and the use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal occasions.
In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen as a sign of respect. For Americans, however, it’s the nickname which creates an immediate intimacy between two people upon which to build a relationship. By speaking to another on a first name basis and using his nickname, walls are immediately torn down and equality between two people is established.
At work bosses will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should an employer use a worker’s family name, you can be sure that some kind of correction or serious business will follow.
This love for nicknames can create a sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not related. Even the presidents of the United States have borne nicknames. Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe. John F. Kennedy was known as Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting people know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him with disfavor may call him Slick Willy.
Not only people but cities often carry their own nicknames. Chicago is called the "Windy City" because of the p winds which come down from Canada throughout the year. New York City is considered the "Big Apple" for reasons which are still obscure to most people including many New Yorkers.
Not every nickname, however, is positive and some can be rather rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate a certain negative characteristic, a label will soon be attached to describe that person in an unpleasant way.
Likewise a person’s physical traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessarily to one’s liking or choice. A nickname, therefore, is a way of identifying or describing someone or something for better or worse.

In Paragraph 5, the word "obscure" is closest in meaning to "______".

A. funny
B. sound
C. unclear
D. popular
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