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问题 多项选择题

病历摘要:某患者，男性，20岁。皮下瘀血，来院就诊。血常规检查：红细胞和白细胞计数正常，血小板计数正常。APTT53秒，PT17秒，纤维蛋白原4.5g/L。

APTT和PT都延长多见于

A．血液循环中存在抗凝物质

B．共同凝血途径缺陷所引起的出血性疾病

C．内源性凝血途径缺陷所引起的出血性疾病

D．外源性凝血途径缺陷所引起的出血性疾病

E．各种血栓与止血改变处于代偿阶段

答案

参考答案：A, B

单项选择题 A1型题

患者男，35岁。因下前牙急性根尖周炎进行根管治疗，第一次的处理必须做（）。

A.开髓开放

B.局部麻醉

C.开髓拔髓开放

D.开髓封失活剂

E.麻醉下拔除
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填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.
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