问题 问答题 简答题

谈谈Hp的根除性治疗及消化性溃疡治疗策略。

答案

参考答案:

(1)Hp的治疗:标准方案为质子泵三联或铋三联(PPI或胶体铋剂+两种抗生素)。抗生素种类为克拉霉素、阿莫西林、四环素、甲硝唑(替硝唑)、呋喃唑酮等。若初次治疗失败,可换用抗生素或换用PPI+胶体铋剂+两种抗生素的四联方案(可用HRA代替PPI,但疗效有下降)。Hp是否被根除的检查应在根除治疗结束至少4周后进行。

(2)对诊断明确的DU和/或GU,首先应区别Hp阳、阴性。

(3)Hp阳性者应首先根除Hp治疗。在抗Hp治疗结束后继续用原方案中的PPI或胶体铋剂常规量完成1疗程治疗(DU:PPI2~4周、胶体铋剂4~6周;GU:PPI4~6周.胶体铋剂6~8周)或换用一疗程HRA(DU:4~6周,GU6~8周)

(4)Hp阴性者或NSAID相关性溃疡:PPI或HRA和胃粘膜保护剂联用,治疗DU,疗程4~6周;治疗GU,疗程6~8周

(5)是否长疗程维持治疗依Hp根除情况、复发频率、患者年龄、服用NSAID、是否有严重并发症、伴随疾患等情况而定。维持治疗的药物一般以HRA常规量的半量睡前顿服,疗程视具体情况而定。

(6)手术指征:大出血经内科治疗无效;急性穿孔;瘢痕性幽门梗阻;胃溃疡疑有癌变;正规内科治疗无效的顽固性溃疡。RA代替PPI,但疗效有下降)。Hp是否被根除的检查应在根除治疗结束至少4周后进行。

(2)对诊断明确的DU和/或GU,首先应区别Hp阳、阴性。

(3)Hp阳性者应首先根除Hp治疗。在抗Hp治疗结束后继续用原方案中的PPI或胶体铋剂常规量完成1疗程治疗(DU:PPI2~4周、胶体铋剂4~6周;GU:PPI4~6周.胶体铋剂6~8周)或换用一疗程HRA(DU:4~6周,GU6~8周)

(4)Hp阴性者或NSAID相关性溃疡:PPI或HRA和胃粘膜保护剂联用,治疗DU,疗程4~6周;治疗GU,疗程6~8周

(5)是否长疗程维持治疗依Hp根除情况、复发频率、患者年龄、服用NSAID、是否有严重并发症、伴随疾患等情况而定。维持治疗的药物一般以HRA常规量的半量睡前顿服,疗程视具体情况而定。

(6)手术指征:大出血经内科治疗无效;急性穿孔;瘢痕性幽门梗阻;胃溃疡疑有癌变;正规内科治疗无效的顽固性溃疡。

选择题
阅读理解

Ellen and Bill County are both teachers. They met in college and became good friends because of their shared love for children. Two years after the couple got married, Ellen saw a huge change in the life of one of her students, a 9-year-old girl. Three years ago both of the little girl’s parents had died and there was no one to take care of her. She was taken away to live in a government office. But finally she was taken in and adopted by a family and became their daughter. Ellen said that she noticed the difference in the child’s life after she was placed in a permanent home and thought that maybe she and her husband could help a child in a similar way.

They decided to become temporary parents and to take a child into their home on the weekends when the real parents could not take care of him or her. The pair planned to have their own children in a few years, but decided that this would be a way to give to the community in the meantime.

The couple quickly grew to love one of the children they looked after. When he became legally available, Billy became the first child they took in permanently. Six months after adopting Billy, Ellen was told by her doctor that she was unable to have children naturally. Ellen says she knew then that adoption was the way she was meant to have a family.

Since adopting Billy, now 17, Ellen and Bill have adopted five more children --- Rose,16; Albert, 11; Joshua, 5 and in June 2003, they added biological brother and sister Tyler and Rylee to the County family.

The County family has been recognized for their work on adoption, and have received many awards for their efforts. Last June, the family was even interviewed on the television show, “Adoption Stories”.

Ellen says she would like to encourage other families to adopt children. She adds that the best part of being a mother of six is: “Giving Josh a bath, putting a band-aid on a cut knee or just the everyday mom things, that makes motherhood such an honor and a privilege.”

小题1:What is the passage mainly about?

A.How a couple first met at college

B.Where you can adopt a child

C.The benefits of adoption to the community

D.How adoption created a happy family小题2:Why did Ellen and Bill first decide to adopt a childe?

A.Because they had always loved children very much

B.Because they saw the benefits of adoption for a child

C.Because they were not able to have children of their own

D.Because they wanted to receive awards for their community work小题3:Which of the children are related to each other by blood?

A.Rylee and Tyler

B.Billy and Tyler

C.Albert and Joshua

D.Rose and Albert小题4:What can be inferred from this passage?

A.Ellen had thought of adopting a child before getting married.

B.Only kids under 16 can be adopted by a family

C.A loving family is important to a child’s happiness

D.Adopting a child always makes the family become famous