问题 改错题

(10分)阅读下列材料

材料一:大和的世袭大贵族占有大量土地、奴隶以及地位近似奴隶的部民,权势极大; 6世纪末7世纪初,部民反抗不断;地方贵族反抗中央贵族,中央贵族之间争权夺势;强大的中央贵族权倾朝野。中国唐朝的统一和兴盛,朝鲜半岛上新罗国家的崛起,强烈刺激着大和统治者。   

材料二: 6世纪末7世纪初,阿拉伯半岛大部分地区尚未形成统一的国家。争夺水源和牧场,部落间相互仇杀,在内部则矛盾丛生、商路不畅,引起商业衰落、生产停滞和外部势力入侵。在这种情况下,阿拉伯人民渴望建立统一的国家。

请回答:

(1) “大和”民族指现在的哪一国家?结合材料一中的内容,说一说大和统治者是通过哪一事件挽救这些危机的?(4分)

(2)材料二中的这种状况,导致了哪一宗教的诞生?这一宗教的传播有怎样的意义?(4分)

(3)通过两则材料的阅读,说一说对国家的建立和发展起到阻碍作用的因素有哪些?(2分) 

答案

(1)日本(2分) 大化改新(2分)

(2)伊斯兰教(2分) 统一了阿拉伯半岛、传播了阿拉伯文明等(2分)

(3)地方分裂割据、地区矛盾、落后的制度等。(答出其中一点即可,2分)

题目分析:(1)此问考察的是学生的分析理解能力。考查的是学生对日本大和民族发展相关史实的掌握。日本各岛很早就有人居住。1世纪前后,开始出现奴隶制国家。后来,本州中部兴起奴隶制国家大和。大和不断征服扩张,5世纪统一了日本。所以“大和”指的是日本。从材料中可以看出6、7世纪日本社会矛盾尖锐,政局混乱,改革势在必行。7世纪中的大化改新,解决了日本的矛盾,挽救了危机。

(2)此问考察的是学生的分析理解能力,考查的是伊斯兰教建立的背景。①材料中有明确提示词:6世纪末7世纪初,阿拉伯半岛;②导致了哪一宗教的诞生;结合这两处,可知问题问的是“6世纪末7世纪初,诞生在阿拉伯半岛上”的宗教,联系课本所学知识,符合题意的只有伊斯兰教;第二小问是在家第一小问基础上衍生。第一问解决了,后面的问题就迎刃而解了。

(3)此问考察的是学生的分析理解能力,此题必须结合材料和问题才能得出结论。从两则材料中可得出地方混乱,地区争夺都是会阻碍社会发展,通过问题大化改新促进了日本社会制度的发展,可得出阻碍社会发展的还有落后的社会制度。

阅读理解

     Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take  friendship  for granted (理所当然的), we often don't clearly understand how to make friends. While we get on well with a number of

people,we are usually friends with only a very few. For example,the average among students is about 6

per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships,two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy(亲密) between them and the reasons for their shared interests

varyc变化) greatly. As we get to know people,we think about things like age, race, and  the economic

condition. It is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and the

background.

    Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to

have similar ideas and beliefs,the same opinions and interests- they often talk about "being on the same

wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become,

the more they depend on one another. People who want to be friends have to learn to put up with

annoying habits and to stand differences.

     In contrast (比较) with the marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the

associationc友谊) between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results

from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome

differences in the background, and break down barriers(障碍)of age,class or race.

1. According to the passage,_____. 

A. friends are those who must share their interests

B. friends are closer than people who just get on with each other

C. all people know how to make friends

D. every student has six friends

2. We can learn from the passage that _______.

A.friendship can overcome all differences betweentwo people

B. there are no special ceremonies to strengthen friendship

C. standing differcnces in opinions can lead to friendship

D. friendship can be strengthened by smiles and soft voices

3. When  people  talk  about  "being  on  the  same wavelength",thcy mean that they ________    

A. watch the same TV program

B. are the same in all ways

C. have the same background

D. share the same way of thinkirig and the same interests

4. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?

A. Even friends may havc different opinions.

B. Friends never argue with each other.

C. It generally takes time for people to become close friends.

D. Someone's habits may make his friends unhappy.

单项选择题