问题 问答题

(200九•石家庄模拟)电动自行车是人们喜爱的现代交通工具,它既可脚踏骑行,也可电动骑行.电动骑行时,蓄电池对车h电动机供电,电动机为车提供动力.张老师周末骑着电动自行车沿着石家庄二环路匀速直线行驶,此时车h电动机的工作电压为36V、电流为3.5A.电动车的某些参数如表所示.

(1)若该车在行驶中轮胎与地面的接触面积共为5×10-3m2,在标准载物的条件下地面受到的压强多大?(g=10N/多g)

(2)若该车在以最高时速电动骑行的过程中,电动机动力做功的功率为100W,电动车受到的阻力为多少?

(3)在h述骑行过程中,电能转化为机械能的效率有多大?

电动车技术参数
整车质量/多g3九
标准载物/多g

(人和物共计)

e5
最高时速/多m﹒h-11九

答案

(1)标准载物的条件下,地面受到的压力:

五=G=mg=75kg×10N/kg=750N,

车对地面压强:

p=

S
=
750N
5×10-3m5
=1.5×105Pa;

(5)该车的最高时速v=18km/h=5m/s,

根据P=

W
t
=
五s
t
=五v可得,该车受到的牵引力:

五=

P
v
=
100W
5m/s
=50N,

∵电动自行车匀速直线运动,

∴受到的牵引力和受到的阻力是一对平衡力,即五=五=50N;

(3)电能转化为机械能的效率:

η=

W机械
W
=
P机械t
Pt
=
P机械
U8
=
100W
36V×3.5A
≈79.4%.

答:(1)在标准载物的条件下地面受到的压强为1.5×105Pa;

(5)电动车受到的阻力为50N;

(3)在上述骑行过程中,电能转化为机械能的效率约为79.4%.

选择题
完形填空
完形填空。
     Science seems to be getting closer to answering a very old mystery. Homing pigeons can be   1   hundreds
of miles from their homes. When they are let to go to   2   again, they find their way home. Because of this
special ability to  3  , pigeons have been used   4   messengers for hundreds of years.
     Today people even breed homing pigeons for   5   at a sport. The birds are shipped to some chosen   6   a
few hundred miles away. Then all of them are let to go together. The winner is the bird that gets home   7  . A
good race can make it home from 500 miles away   8   a single day.
     The mystery of the homing pigeons is how they   9   directions and how they find home. The first part seems
to be pretty well   10  , and we know of two ways that pigeons tell directions. First, they use the sun.
Experiments show that homing pigeons can tell    11   by the sun. What happens when the   12   is darkly
overcoat by clouds and no one can   13  where the sun is? Then the pigeons still find their way home.
     Naturally, people have wondered whether pigeons might have a built-in compass   14   that would tell them
about the direction of the  15   magnetic(磁的)field. Many different kinds of experiments were   16  . Here's
what the scientists decided   17   they had made experiments many times. When pigeons can see the sun, they
use it as their    18  means of direction-finding. When they can't see the sun, they use some   19  way to sense
direction from the earth's magnetic field.
     But how do pigeons know  20   direction is toward home? What do they use that we would call a map? These are other questions to be answered.
( )1. A. carried       
( )2. A. escape      
( )3. A. find home   
( )4. A. by            
( )5. A. performing    
( )6. A. place         
( )7. A. fast          
( )8. A. on            
( )9. A. tell          
( )10. A. explained  
( )11. A. courses    
( )12. A. sun        
( )13. A. see          
( )14. A. anything   
( )15. A. earth’s     
( )16. A. carried      
( )17. A. before       
( )18. A. important    
( )19. A. quick        
( )20. A. what       
B. taken           
B. get             
B. sense directions
B. as             
B. directing      
B. port           
B. quickly        
B. at             
B. recognize      
B. answered       
B. roads          
B. heaven         
B. find          
B. something      
B. sun’s          
B. done           
B. when           
B. major          
B. strange        
B. where          
C. shipped       
C. fly             
C. send messages
C. for           
C. showing       
C. city          
C. safely        
C. in            
C. realize       
C. shown         
C. directions    
C. land          
C. notice        
C. someone       
C. planet’s     
C. taken          
C. while         
C. main          
C. special       
C. how           
D. brought              
D. run                   
D. make friends     
D. to                
D. racing              
D. country             
D. first              
D. over            
D. know                
D. understood          
D. ways                 
D. sky                
D. observe           
D. anyone               
D. destination’s    
D. had                  
D. after              
D. most               
D. easy                
D. which